Alexander Stepanovich Antonov Biography

Antonov Alexander Stepanovich, Moscow -, p. Nizhny Shobi Tambov lips. Antonov was the third child in a poor family of retired sergeant and dressmakers. In the x Kirsanov Tambov lips. Kirsanovskoye Mountains was supposed to graduate from Antonov. In - became close to the Socialist Revolutionaries, participated in expropriations and already in the beginning. On Art. Inzhavino captured the cashier, which became known to the authorities, and then came to Saratov, where he agreed to kill Lieutenant General A.

Sanctsky, sentenced by the Socialist-Revolutionaries to death for the cruel suppression of the peasants of the Volga region during the roar. E. Azef informed about the impending attempt, and Antonov was arrested in February. He appeared before the interim military court in the city of Tambov and was sentenced to hanging, but P. Stolypin replaced the death sentence with hard labor "without a period." After two unsuccessful attempts to escape the Antonov, the Antonov was sent to the Shlisselburg fortress.

He was amnestied in March after the February roar. He only managed to noticeably moderate the crime in the territory of 6 thousand with a hundred police officers. The Communists tried to put the Bolsheviks on the leading posts, getting rid of representatives of other parties. The Chekists fabricated the evidence of the cooked counter -revolutionary rebellion of the Socialist Revolutionaries.

In July, when Antonov was absent, his assistants were captured and shot. Upon learning of what happened, Antonov went to Samara, where he was going to fight the Bolsheviks in the People’s Army of the Committee of the Constituent Assembly of Komuch, but the latter moved to Ufa, then to Yekaterinburg and was dispersed by A. After a 3-month-old aimless circulation of the Volga Antonov covered by the civil war, he secretly returned to Kirsanovsky.

Local Communists declared Antonov the head of the rebels and sentenced to death in absentia. At the end - beginning. Along with terror, he produced expropriation and by the summer Antonov had well -trained and equipped people. Kamenka defeated the landfill. They were supported by Antonov, “Antonovschina began” - according to the biographer of Antonov, the “last peasant war in Russia”.

Having overcome the partisan region, he created about 20 insistricular regiments organized in two armies about 50 thousand in the leaflet of Antonov wrote: “I dedicated my whole life to the fight against the usurpators of the people's power and I will fight them to the end. It was not for that that power was torn from the hands of the royal executioners in order to transfer it into the hands of piles of executioners-communists.

The power should be transferred to the people by the summer they began to take hostages and shoot in the event of a non -delivery by peasants weapons and Antonovites. As always, in the civil war there were cruelty on both sides. For the defeat of Antonov, troops under the command of M. were used a large role in the defeat of Antonov belonged to V. By summer the uprising was eliminated.

Antonov was tracked by the Chekists and died in a shootout. Memorial sign to Antonov Alexander Stepanovich. The words are placed on it: "At this place, a monument will be erected to the victims of the people's peasant uprising led by Alexander Stepanovich Antonov." The bloody truth of an unknown uprising peasant war in the Tambov region under the leadership of Alexander Stepanovich Antonov is still little known to the general public in Russia.

In the history of the Civil War, she entered as references as one or two paragraphs in history textbooks. A cursory mention of Antonovites can be found in the book of Marshal G. But there the famous Soviet commander focuses on the purely military aspects of the fight against the rebels and talks about the battles in which he had to take part. After the year, several historical and popular science articles and, by force, a couple of books came out about Antonov.

However, this cannot be compared with that huge number of historical, scientific and fiction, which is dedicated to Denikin, Kolchak, Wrangel, Makhno and other famous opponents of Soviet power during the civil war. Antonov and his Tambov rebels were half -forgotten. This is a rebellion, complete tragedy and sunk by the Bolsheviks in the blood, in Soviet times was no longer heard.

Because his story is a clear example of the attitude of the Bolshevik-internationalists to the Russian people. The worker-peasants' power in the 10ths actually turned into a real apocalypse for the Russian peasantry. I am not trying to cross out the achievements of the Soviet regime and do not consider all dispossessed by innocent victims. But the Russophobic tendency of the Leninist state, especially in the early period of its formation, to the face.

The attitude towards Russian peasants who took up their weapons only because the new government took all the bread from them - the source of life in the village, and, for example, to the Central Asian basmachi or to repeatedly rebeling Chechens were diametrically opposed. Some were poisoned by gases and shot along the lists, others endlessly penetrated the talent of more and more privileges and the declaration of endless amnesties with selected cephalre, over the neck of crushed human blood.Alexander Stepanovich Antonov was born in Moscow in the year with the family of retired sergeant and dressmaker.

However, soon his parents moved to the city of Kirsanov of the Tambov province, where the childhood and youth of the future folk hero passed. Young Antonov could not get education and from an early age began to work in car repair workshops. Already in years, he began to get involved in politics and, having joined the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries of the Socialist Revolutionaries, began a political struggle.

During the first Russian revolution, he became famous for attacks on the railway cash desks and became famous throughout Russia by the impudent expropriation of the mail car, in which gold, money and other values ​​were transported. Soon, the entire Kirsanov police began Antonov’s active search, and he had to hide in Tambov since April. He had to use weapons again. Finally breaking away from the persecution, Antonov went to Saratov, where a new responsible task at the local committee of the Socialist Revolutionaries.

However, there was no money for its implementation, so Antonov decided to return to his homeland and expropriate the necessary amount of money. On the evening of November 3, Antonov, at the head of a group of five armed expropriators, appeared at the Ingavino railway station and demanded that the head of the station open the cash register. To the surprise of the raiders, he burst into tears, began to curse fate loudly and fainted.

Having taken possession of money, Antonov did not leave, but began to provide assistance to a person who was without feelings. Having come to his senses, the head of the station said that a few months ago the cashier was already robbed, and he was suspected of complicity in a crime. Then Antonov, without hesitation, counted the money and wrote a receipt that he would expropriately for the revolutionary needs of the rub.

Such an act most clearly shakes the character traits of Antonov. Before us is the image of a revolutionary-idealist, not at all knitting with the stigma of a bandit and a killer who was so diligently put on him by Soviet historians. After that, Antonov again went to Saratov, where he began to prepare an attempt on the commander of the troops of the Kazan military district of General Sanctsky.

The Socialist -Revolutionary Party sentenced him a death sentence for cruelty, with which he suppressed peasant unrest during the first Russian revolution. However, the police learned about the impending attempt and the rampant arrests of the Socialist Revolutionaries began. For his capture, a reward of a thousand rubles was even announced, which corresponded to the annual salary of the head of the provincial administration.

For some time Antonov was successfully hidden in Samara. In January, he returned to Saratov, where at first he behaved very quietly. However, persistent attempts to establish a connection with the remnants of a defeated organization ultimately ruined it.

Antonov was tracked by filiers and arrested on February 20. At the first interrogation, he told the investigator that he did not find himself guilty and refused to answer questions. Torture could not break Antonov’s spirit. The court, which took place a year later, and accused Antonov under two episodes of the Gorodovoy wound and participation in the robbery in Ingavino, sentenced him to death by hanging.

However, this sentence was not yet final and was subject to approval by the commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, General of Cavalry P., on April 4, with the personal permission of P. Stolypin, replaced Antonov by the death penalty of eternal hard labor so Alexander Antonov fell into hard labor, through which almost all the revolutionaries passed in that era.

However, he was not going to serve her forever. Twice they made attempts to escape. For the first time, Antonov sawed the shackles and got out, where he was captured by the guard. And for the second time, being in the kartser, in some incredibly man he managed to make a hole in the ceiling and through it to get into the prison church, where he was discovered by accident. It was not possible to escape from there, but the February revolution freed Antonov.

Immediately after the liberation, he returned to Tambov where, with the help of local councils, he soon nominated the head of the Tambov provincial police. In this, unexpected position for him, Antonov proved himself from the best side. He managed to curb the wave of criminalism, who had overwhelmed the city during the revolution, and soon the exemplary order drove in Tambov.

The most striking episode in Antonov’s police biography was the successful disarmament of several echelons with Czechosloviki, which was not possible before or after it. Alexander Stepanovich was awarded with a personalized weapon. However, in joy, no one asked where the modest police chief of the police, the ammunition and weapons confiscated from the Belochekh, was gone.

The situation in the country has changed every month. At the beginning of the year, the majority in the Kirsanovsky district council passed from Socialist -Revolutionaries to the Bolsheviks. Soon they created a county Cheka. In July, in Moscow there was a famous rebellion of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries.