Kabral biography

The discoverer of Brazil. The commander of the 4th Indian armada of Portugal, also known as the “Fleet of Retribution”, as it is designed to compensate the suffered losses in India. Pedru Alvarish Kabral was born for about a year in the village of Belmonty, Portugal. He came from a noble provincial family, was the son of Fernan Alvarish Kabral and Isabelle Gwaveii. At twelve years, he was sent to the courtyard of King Afons V.

received a humanitarian education and learned to wear weapons and fight. King Juan II on June 30 gave him the title of Moso Fidalgo. King Manuel I appointed Kabral annual allowance in the amount of thirty thousand reais. At the same time, he was awarded the title of “nobleman” in the Royal Council and was called the knight of the Order of Christ. After the successful return of Vasco da Gama from the first Portuguese expedition to India, Manuel I decided to send a second Portuguese expedition of thirteen ships with a crew of a thousand two hundred people along the same route.

Pedru Kabral on February 15 was appointed chief chief of the new expedition. Under his leadership were such eminent sailors as Bartolomeu Diash, Nikolau Coelho, a participant in the first expedition to India, Duarta Pasku Pereira - captain, an expedition chronicle, and many others. The fleet under the command of a thirty -two -year -old Kabral sailed on March 9 from Lisbon towards the islands of the Green Cape.

On the morning of March 14, the fleet passed by the Grand Canarius, the largest of the Canary Islands, and reached San Nicolau on March 22. On the night of March 23, the ship of Vasco de Ataida was not found. The expedition that lost one ship headed for the south. It turned out to be Brazil.

Pedru Kabral on April 24 landed on the Brazilian coast, declaring it belonging to Portugal. He called the place of landing Vera-Krush. Conscious of the significance of the discovery made by him, he was shaken into Lisbon one of the captains with a message to the king, which was composed by his secretary of the pen of your de Caminya. A few months later, the king sent three caravels under the command of Admiral Kuelu to Vera-Krush.

The navigator, meanwhile, resumed swimming in India, floating along the east coast of South America. Around May 5, the squadron turned east towards Africa. On the way to East India, he had to take out a lot of storms, during one of which three ships and Caravel under the command of the famous Bartolomeu Diash sank. Three hundred eighty sailors died. The fleet arrived in India, in Kalikut on September 13.

Kabral succeeded in negotiations with Zamorin and received the right to create a factory here. Nevertheless, on December 17 of the same year, a trade post was suddenly attacking several hundred Arabs and Indians. More than fifty Portuguese were killed. The remaining defenders retreated to the ships. For a day, Pedru Kabral was waiting for an explanation from the ruler of Calikut and, without waiting, attacked the fleet of Arab merchants, whom he considered the organizers of the attack.

Having captured ten Arab ships and, having interrupted six hundred members of their crews, the Portuguese fired at Kalikut for two weeks, thus creating the first precedent of such behavior of Europeans in Asia, which will later be known as “canonerok diplomacy”. In other cities, everything turned out well. Having established good relations with the local princes of Kochin and Cannanur, Kabral concluded trade agreements with them.

For the position of captain Kabral received ten thousand Cruzado and the right to buy thirty tons of pepper at his own expense to bring it to Europe and resell the Portuguese crown without paying taxes. He was allowed to import ten boxes of any spices without taxation. The Fleet Pedru Kabral on July 31 entered the Lisbon Harbor with a rich load of spices, valuable wood, porcelain, incense and jewelry, the sale of which brought profit, in a two -time amount of the expenses for the expedition.

Upon returning home, Kabral was appointed commander of the 4th Indian Armada Portugal, also known as the “Fleet of Retribution”, as it was designed to compensate for the Portuguese losses in India. However, he had a conflict with Vicente Sodra, from which he demanded complete submission. King Manuel I, who took the side of the latter, intervened in the dispute of the military leaders.

Pedru in anger refused to lead the expedition, and Vasco da Gama became the head of the armada. In subsequent naval expeditions, the name of Kabral is no longer mentioned. Probably fell out of disgrace at Manuel I and left the yard. The sailor spent the rest of his life in Santaren. Pedru Alvarish Kabral died for about a year. The grave is in the church and Grace.

Family Pedru Kabral.