Tsiolkovo achievements biography

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky: Key ideas and achievements Olga Oblomova are the author of articles and courses 4brain, writer, author of art prose. The older generation today loves to crush that young people all want to become businessmen and lawyers, but in the days of their youth everyone sought to aviation and space. And when grandchildren begin to explain that space is an expensive pleasure, so you first need to become a businessman to make money for a space ticket, grandparents simply do not understand what we are talking about.

Yes, when on April 12, Yuri Gagarin first flew space, it could never have occurred to anyone that after several decades we will quite seriously discuss space tourism and space flights for money. However, these are real trifles in comparison with the fact that several decades earlier people could not even imagine that a person, in principle, would someday fly into space. You can imagine anything if you go through our programs “Best Self -Education Techniques” and “Self -knowledge”.

And today we will talk about a man who was not afraid to dream and presented the first models of overcoming earthly attraction long before the first plane rose into the air. Today we will get acquainted with the biography of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky and his truly great ideas. Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich: Biography Birthday of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky is celebrated on September 5 in a new style or September 17 according to the old.

Scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky had a noble Polish gentry origin. The father of the future scientist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky Eduard Tsiolkovsky received a certificate confirming his noble origin in the year, which allowed him to take advantage of a number of privileges for a noble class. In particular, get a higher education yourself and give a good education to children.

In fact, the Tsiolkovsky were Russified Poles. By the time Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the family was born, the family has been living in the Russian Empire in the city of Vyatka for several decades, everyone spoke Russian at home. The native language in the family was also not forgotten. So, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky knew the Polish language well and read Polish newspapers.

Other languages ​​that were taught in the gymnasium were given to him with difficulty. Due to the bad marks in German, Greek and Latin, he was even left in the second year in the second grade. True, the main obstacle to normal studies in the gymnasium was not at all the “second -year” of Tsiolkovsky, but his disease. As a result of complications due to scarlet fever, it was almost completely deaf, which complicated standard communications.

Which, however, did not prevent Tsiolkovsky from engaged in self -education. Without strict pedagogical supervision, he quickly decided on his intellectual preferences and made the main emphasis on physics, mathematics, astronomy. In addition, he learned to work on a lathe, which subsequently facilitated his understanding of how to materialize his theoretical ideas in practice.

The desire for self -education was fully supported by the parents of Tsiolkovsky. So, his father sent him to Moscow, where there were much more opportunities to obtain new knowledge. However, hearing problems excluded the possibility of listening to lectures along with the rest of the students, and simply independent acquaintance with literature would not be enough to obtain the formation of this level.

As a result, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky returned to his native Vyatka, began to earn money in mathematics, and the funds received allowed him to organize his own laboratory workshop for future scientific experiments. Already after moving with his family to Ryazan, Tsiolkovsky passed the exams that allowed him to get a job as a mathematics teacher. In the future, he combined teaching with scientific research.

His very first scientific works dedicated to the kinetics of gases and aerodynamics have not survived to this day. However, biographers argue that it is precisely these works, having fallen as a review of the professor of St. Petersburg University, Peter Fan Der-Flit, that became a kind of “pass” for Tsiolkovsky as members of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society [V.

Kochetkov,]. Membership in such a respected organization allowed Tsiolkovsky to more widely present and promote his ideas in the scientific environment. What is Constantine Tsiolkovsky famous and what contribution has made to the development of Russian science? Let's talk about this in more detail. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky: key ideas and achievements of ideas expressed by Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, his discoveries made in many respects predetermined the development of domestic cosmonautics.

In addition to the actual technical developments, Tsiolkovsky thought a lot about the philosophical problems of space. Subsequently, he called the humanitarian block of his research “cosmic philosophy” [K. Tsiolkovsky,]. Key ideas in the views of Tsiolkovsky: monism as the unity of man and the world in all his manifestations. The eternity of life in the universe.Evolutionism as the evolution of man, nature and society.

Cosmos coherence in the understanding of self -renewal and autonomy in terms of physiological existence. The harmony of man and technology. Human society, society as a phenomenon of cosmic scale. Now we will tell you a little more. The philosophical ideas of the Tsiolkovsky monism of Tsiolkovsky included many different aspects. One of the most important can be considered cosmo-anthropological parallelism.

This, if briefly, is the idea of ​​a person like a microcosm and the Universe as a macrocosm. It is understood that a person as an integral part of the Universe corresponds to it in terms of its main characteristics. On the one hand, this approach should facilitate the study and understanding of how space is arranged. On the other hand, such a vision makes the so -called "activity paradigm" relevant.

Simply put, people should bring themselves and society into harmony with the laws of the world order, get away from the pluralism of the existence of individuals as social atoms to monism, that is, the unity of all these “social atoms”. As a result, human development should move along the path of eradicating negative properties, negative thoughts, all bad things that are inherent in the nature of man.

Tsiolkovsky believed that all the negative, all gloomy thoughts and dark sides of consciousness can be eradicated because they do not have an ontological basis in the properties of the Universe. Therefore, all suffering and sadness is the “illusion of a weak human being that has not yet comprehended the true laws of the universe” [K. Tsiolkovsky talked a lot about the sources of all negative phenomena in society.

In particular, such as wars, violence, an unfair separation of goods. In his opinion, the main reason is that dividing trends prevail in people's minds: envy, the opposition of people on the principle of “their own - alien”, the desire for dominance and privileges, selfishness. In fact, it is selfishness - individual and corporate - just gives rise to such a division into his own and strangers, friends and enemies, etc.

A similar “moral dualism”, according to Tsiolkovsky, should be eradicated as the main obstacle to the development of “cosmic consciousness”. The other side of the cosmo-anthropological parallelism is also important. So, since the appearance of social forms of life in the Universe, physical space changes its appearance and gains a new meaning of existence. Being inhabited by a reasonable and socially organized life, space rises to a higher level of its development.

In the context of the ideas of monism, the doctrine of the atom-fucker is very interestingly developed by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky as a materialistic version of the theory of reincarnation. The most important aspect of monism in the understanding of Tsiolkovsky is the idea of ​​the uniformity of the cosmos and the presence of universal connections between physical and mental principles, animated and inanimate objects, natural and social phenomena.

Tsiolkovsky believed that the physical world consists of atoms with potential “mental sensitivity”. This “mental sensitivity” of the atom, in turn, depends on what physical body the atom is included in, whether this plant, animal, person will be, etc. Thus, the atom is immortal and changes only the format of its existence, “traveling” through the cycle of substances in nature.

A similar approach ensures the “subjective immortality” of a person, because after the collapse of his body, atoms in new bodies are embodied. And, since the universe is eternal in the temporary dimension and endless in spatial, then a person, being like it, but initially not possessing these qualities, can gain them over time. In this context, immortality and the possibility of moving without spatial restrictions are not such a fantastic idea, and space transport will be an element of the implementation of this possibility.

In more detail, the ideas of the scientist are analyzed in the article “The postulates of the space philosophy of K. Tsiolkovsky” [V. Alekseev,]. And we will move on to Tsiolkovsky’s technical ideas, realized by him during his lifetime and became the basis for the development of domestic cosmonautics after his death. Technical projects and the achievements of Tsiolkovsky, we have already managed to find out how an extraordinary person Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was: the biography contains many ups and downs that have fallen to his lot from early childhood.

It is already significant that he, due to the consequences of the disease and hearing loss, could not get a classic higher education, which is considered a basic condition for a future scientific career, and focused on self-training in the disciplines of interest to him. A self-taught scientist, as many sources call him, left behind a huge scientific heritage.

The projects that Konstantin Tsiolkovsky implemented are the books that he wrote is interesting to this day. Therefore, it is worth discussing this in more detail. We will help us the review “First in space.The inventions and ideas of Tsiolkovsky, ahead of his time ”, containing information about all the most high -profile projects of Tsiolkovsky [K. Matveeva,]. The airship of Tsiolkovsky at the age of 28 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky made a firm decision to devote himself to the study of the topic of aeronautics and design a metal a balloon.

This project, starting in the year, went down in history under the name "Cearns of Tsiolkovsky", although this word was not yet in use, and Tsiolkovsky himself used the term "balloons". He proposed an idea innovative at that time: a thin metal shell, corrugated sides, and instead of hydrogen, use heated air as lifting. This design guarantees the rise and flight at any ambient temperature and at any height.

The planned volume of the structure was thousands of cubic meters, which was more than twice as many as already built in the 20th century of the largest airships. In particular, the most famous models “Gindenburg” and “Count Zeppelin II” created in Germany, which made up about thousands of cubic meters in the amount of about thousands of cubic meters.

The project was impressed by the scale, but did not find funding. As a result, the “Cinema Tsiolkovsky” remained at the project: in fairness, we note that in the 20th century, the design engineers confirmed the realism of the theoretical calculations of Tsiolkovsky. However, due to high cost and unprofitability against the background of developing air transportation, the project was not implemented.

The Tsiolkovsky monoplane at the end of the 19th century, the article by the Tsiolkovsky “Aeronostat or Poultry -like Fyting Machine”, in which the scientist presented his vision and drawings of an all -metal monoplane, having a thickened curved wing [K. in the article Tsiolkovsky paid special attention to the form of the fuselage and its streamlines as a resource to increase the speed of flight.

This idea also has not advanced further than the stage of modeling the layout, because the Russian scientific community did not consider the idea of ​​promising: meanwhile, the idea, as they say, “vital in the air” in every sense. The Germans built the aircraft of a similar design, which produced a real splash on the fronts of the First World War. So, at home, he built the very first laboratory of aerodynamics in Russia, and then created the first prototype of the aerodynamic pipe: let's clarify that an aerodynamic pipe is a device, the purpose of which is to model the action of air flow into the body moving in the air.

Subsequently, it was according to this model that an aerodynamic pipe was built at Moscow University.