Confucius is briefly biography

Latest news biography The name of this philosopher is familiar to everyone. Confucius is the most famous Chinese. The teachings of an ancient thinker are the basis of state ideology. It influenced the life of East Asia. Confucianism for a long time was not inferior in China in its significance to Buddhism. Although the issues of religion in the philosophy of Confucianism are not affected, the name Confucius was inscribed in a religious pantheon.

Confucius is an innovator in the idea of ​​building a moral, complete harmony of society. Following the rules of philosophy, a person will be in harmony with himself and the world around him. The popularity of aphorisms and judgments of Confucius did not fade away and 20 centuries after death. Childhood and youth biography of the Kun clan, whose descendant is Confucius, thoroughly described by historians of medieval China.

Confucius is a descendant of Wei Tzu, the commander of the emperor of the Zhou Chen Wan dynasty. For fidelity to the emperor Wei Tzu received the Principality of Song and the title Zhu Hou as a gift. By the time of birth, Confucius Rod Vay Tzu was already impoverished and moved to the kingdom of Lu in the north of China. Father Confucius Shulyan He had two wives. The first gave birth to nine daughters.

The second gave birth to a son, but a weak boy died. Portrait of Confucius in the year before n e. According to legend, she ascended to the hill, under a mulberry tree. At the time of the birth of the baby, a source was scored from the ground, in which he washed him. After the water, the flow stopped. Father did not live long after the birth of his son.

When Confucius was one and a half years old, Shulyan He left this world. Yan Zhentsai, who was disliked by the older wives, left her husband’s house and moved closer to her relatives, to the city of Tsyuf. Yan Zhentsai and the boy lived on their own. Confucius from childhood had to know deprivation. The mother of Confucius inspired the boy that he should be a worthy successor of the clan.

Although the little family lived in poverty, the boy worked hard, mastering the knowledge necessary for the Chinese to the aristocrat. Particular attention was paid to arts. The zeal in learning was fruit: Tynity Confucius was appointed to be responsible for the barns of the Ji family of the Principality of Lu in Eastern China. And then they set to be responsible for cattle.

The teachings of Confucius lived in the era of sunset of the Empire Zhou. The emperor gradually lost power, giving to the rulers of individual principalities. The patriarchal structure of the state fell into decay. Interior wars led the people to impoverishment. In the year BC. Following the tradition of mourning in a relative, he went into a three -year resignation. This departure allowed the philosopher to study ancient books and create a philosophical treatise on the rules of relations in the construction of a harmonious state.

The statue of Confucius when the philosopher was 44 years old, he was put on the post of ruler of the residence of the principality of Lu. For some time he was the head of the judicial service. From the height of the post, Confucius appealed to those in power to punish the people only in case of disobedience, and in other cases - "to explain their responsibilities and teach people." Confucius worked for some time as an official of several principalities.

But the impossibility of humility with the new policy of the state forced to resign. He began to ride in China with the students, preaching philosophical teaching. Only at the summer, Confucius returned to his native tzuyu and did not leave to death. Confucius spent the rest of his life with students, working on the systematization of China’s wise book heritage: “Books of Songs”, “Books of Changes” and other folios of Chinese philosophy.

From the classical heritage of Confucius itself, only one is reliably established - “Spring and Autumn”. China in the days of Confucius, Chinese historians have about 3 thousand students of the philosopher, but Yan-Yuan is considered to be reliably known about the beloved student of Confucius. According to the quotes of the statements of the ancient philosopher, his disciples made up the book of sayings “Lun Yu” “Conversations and Judges”.

“Da-Syu” “Great Teaching” was created-a book about the way of improving a person, “Zhong-Yun” “Book of the middle”-about the path of comprehension of harmony. Confucianism in the era of the reign of the Han dynasty 2 century BC. At this time, Confucianism became a pillar of Chinese morality and formed the lifestyle of the Chinese people. Confucianism played a decisive role in the formation of the appearance of Chinese civilization.

The basis of Confucian philosophy is the construction of a society, the basis of which is harmony. Each member of this society stands in its place and performs a function intended for it. The basis of the relations between the tops and the bottoms is loyalty. Philosophy is built on the five main qualities inherent in a righteous person: respect, justice, ritual, wisdom, decency.

The philosopher Confucius “Jen” is “respect”, “generosity”, “kindness”, the fundamental category in Chinese philosophy. This is the main of the five benefactors that a person should possess. A person who comprehended the “jen” is in balance with the outside world, fulfilling the “golden rule of morality”: “Do not impose on another what you do not want to yourself.” The symbol of "Jen" is a tree.

A person, the following “and”, does this not from selfish motives, but because the path of “and” is the only true one.It is based on reciprocity: your parents raised you, and you read them in gratitude. A noble person is looking for justice. The symbol "and" is metal. In this concept, the Chinese philosopher put the opportunity thanks to the rituals of behavior to smooth out conflicts that interfere with the state of world unity.

A person who has mastered “Lee”, not only reveres the elders, but also understands their role in society. The symbol "Lee" is fire. The thinker of Confucius “Zhi” is “wisdom”. Fights with stupidity. The symbol in Confucianism is water. The one who feels good is considered to be trustworthy. Another meaning is conscientiousness and ease. Confucium has developed a scheme for achieving the goal.

According to philosophy, if you follow the nine main rules, you can become a successful person: go to your goal, even if slowly, without stopping. Keep your tool sharply honed: your luck depends on how well you have prepared. Do not change the goal: only the methods of achieving it are not important. Do only a truly important and interesting thing for you, making maximum efforts.

Communicate only with those who are developing: he will lead you along. Work on yourself, do good, the world around you is the mirror of your inner "I". Do not let the insults knock you out of the way, the negativity does not attract positive to you. Control your anger: you have to pay for everything. Observe people: everyone can teach you something or warn you.

In contrast to Confucianism in China, a number of philosophical schools are widespread. In total, there are about a hundred directions. The main place is occupied by Taoism, founded by Lao Tzu and Zhuang-ji. The teachings of Confucius in the philosophical teaching of Lao Tzu emphasize our inextricable connection with the cosmos. For each person there is the only way, destined from above.

People are unusual to influence the world device. The path of mankind is humility. Lao Tzu calls a person not to try to influence the course of events around. Taoism is a philosophy with a mystical principle, appealing to the emotions of man. Confucianism with its rationalism turns to the human mind. The first edition of Lun Yuya in Latin was released in the year. At this time, Jesuit missionary, including in China, was gaining momentum.

The first visitors from the Middle Kingdom came to Europe, which filed the public interest in the unknown and exotic. Personal life at the age of 19, Confucius married Kikoan Shi, a girl from a noble family. The firstborn was born in the family, better known as Bo-Yu. Then Kikoan Shi gave birth to a daughter.