Vasily Tyapinsky biography

Electronic Books Vasily Tyapinsky on the ground of the Belarusian are many memorable places related to the initial period of the history of domestic book business. These cities vividly remind us of the remarkable figures of our culture, about the pioneers of East Slavic printing - Francis Skorin, Peter Mstislavts, Simon Budny, Vasily Tyapinsky. The family was rich, it belonged to extensive land in the most diverse places of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - in the Polotsk, Vilnius, Lida, Minsk boats.

A little information has been preserved about Vasily Tyapinsky. He was born supposedly between and gg. It is not known where Vasily Tyapinsky studied. It is undoubted only that he was a very educated person, erudite and progressively. He often had to participate in hot discussion disputes with Catholics. This is mentioned in one of the books by Simon Budny, who largely shared the social and philosophical views of Vasily Tyapinsky.

Both Belarusian enlighteners strongly defended the national interests of the people, acted as supporters of the preservation of folk traditions, customs, and culture. A natural continuation of the educational activity of Vasily Tyapinsky was an organization in the birth estate of Tyapino printing. In the literature, this printing house was called “nomadic” or “wandering”, although it never changed its location.

Tyapinsky himself called his printing house “wretched friendly”, referring to most likely its modest size and simple typographic property. Apparently, it was a small workshop equipped with a set -out cash desk and a small wooden printed machine.

Just at that time, such machines began to appear - a daler predecessors of low -format printing machines. They were different in design, in engineering. Sometimes they were carefully finished, they gave the appearance of graceful room furniture. One of the similar "cabinet" machines is the design of the middle of the XVI century. The machine had an unusual clamping device for that time: instead of a traditional screw, a wooded gear rack, moving up and down along with Piana, when rotating the dentate wheel, which was driven by a lever.

In the figure, the machine is shown in working condition truth, there is no mentioned lever. After printing, his doors were closed, and the machine could be used as, say, the desk - it fit into the cabinet situation. There were simpler printing machines, which are reduced copies of ordinary printed machines. The interiors of such printing houses have been reproduced many times on various ancient engravings of printing and publishing brands, book illustrations.

How did the printing house of Vasily Tyapinsky actively work? What books were printed in it? The single edition of Vasily Tyapinsky has reached this day-the Gospel. So far, only two copies of the book are known: one is stored in Leningrad, in the State Public Library. Saltykova-Shchedrin, another-in the Arkhangelsk Museum of Local Lore. It is printed "Fire Ezika, Slovenian at the same time and with him here is Russian Russian." The book has sixty -two pages.

It has more than a hundred initials. The book is decorated with a set -in ornament. The initial sheet and text strip. The Leningrad copy of the Gospel is intertwined with the handwritten preface of Vasily Tyapinsky. This preface of Predarova always attracted the close attention of researchers of various specialties - historians, philologists, book scholars.

It is an original literary monument, a bright example of patriotic journalism. Korshunov-evidence of how, on the basis of interest in science and enlightenment of the people, the Protestants closed with the humanists of the Renaissance, continuing and inheriting their cultural and educational traditions. " Vasily Tyapinsky convincingly argued that literacy should be taught only in their native language, only in this case it would be possible to speak of national identity.

Belarusian educators-printer printers generally touched this topic, they were characterized by the desire to make a book understandable, accessible to the wide popular masses. And further: "And then for that, anymore, my brethren, people of the Polish -Lithuania Hurry people could understand more clearly." Another Belarusian enlightener - Simon Budny, who even dared to even give advice to his patrons to the princes of Radziwills, so that “not only in foreign language, the same moods, the activity of Vasilia Tyapinsky, who started the typography“ in the preface to the “gospel”, would have been striking.

The educational role of literature, about the need for the cultural development of the people and the creation of schools. He accuses church and secular feudal lords of intellectual and moral decomposition, neglect of the traditions of the Belarusian people, to unwillingness to contribute to the spread of literacy and the development of education in the Belarusian language.Tyapinsky severely warns the local one to know the “Metropolitans and the Vladyk”, which without the formation of the Fatherland “to the end of the hill”.

At the same time, reflecting on literacy, about the comprehensive development of the “people of a simple, poor, powerful”, Tapinsky relies on a number of historical facts, eloquently testifying to the original origin of the Slavic culture, recalls the great Slavic enlighteners Cyril and Methodius, dedicated to the whole ascetic life of the Holy goal - the creation of the Slavic Alphabet and translation of liturgical books from Greek into Slavic.

And this titanic work was committed in those distant times when many peoples who inhabited Europe “vlokhs, Germans, meadow, French, gangliks, Gishpanov, and briefly Movechi all in the world of the Khreztian peoples”, since in some cases they did not have writing itself. The printing house in the Terapino estate did not function long - about twelve - fifteen years. After G. Vasily Tyapinsky, for some reason, stopped publishing and typing activity.

And about the subsequent years of his life, nothing is known, except for the individual episodes associated with judicial lawsuits; But these episodes had nothing to do with typographic affairs. Vasily Nikolaevich Tyapinsky died in the city of memory consumption: 2 Mb.