Biography of the Yeltsin family

Yeltsin Boris Time of the presidency of B. Yeltsin - E Gg. Childhood and youth of Yeltsin Boris Yeltsin was born on February 1 after the Urals, in the village of Butka in the Km east of Sverdlovsk, now Yekaterinburg. In the spring of the year, when the Yeltsins lived in Kazan, trouble came to the family: they were arrested for anti-Soviet campaign and sent to the arms of the boy, carpenter and builder Nikolai Ignatievich Yeltsin for three years.

The mother of the future politician, the dressmaker Claudia Vasilievna Yeltsin Starygin, was forced to wander with a little son from friends. For his father’s shock work, he was ahead of schedule in the year, and soon the family returned for the Urals.

Nikolai Ignatievich got a job as a master for the construction in the city of Berezniki Perm region, and Boris and Boris went there. In the year, Boris Yeltsin entered the Ural Polytechnic Institute. Kirov, in the specialty "Industrial and Civil Construction" and graduated from it in the year. Now the educational institution, where the first president of Russia studied, bears his name - the Ural Federal University named after After graduating from the institute, the young builder Boris Yeltsin did not immediately get a job in his specialty.

At first he had to master several working professions: he worked at the construction sites as a mason, concrete, plasterer and even the engineer of the construction crane, and gradually grew to the master and the foreman. The further career of Boris Yeltsin was associated not only with construction, but also with administrative-organizational activities. In the year, he became the chief engineer of the Sverdlovsk housebuilding plant - the largest in the region of the developer, and three years later he headed this enterprise.

The talented engineer and administrator was then only 35 years old. In this post, Yeltsin developed large -panel construction in the city, introduced new technologies for facing buildings. Party activity Successful work of Yeltsin as the head of a large construction organization attracted the attention of party circles to him. In the year, Boris Nikolaevich headed the construction department of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU, and since that time the party career Yeltsin has been associated with the regional management.

In the year, he became the secretary of the regional committee, which was already responsible for the entire industrial sphere of the region, and a year later, summer politics was elected the first secretary of the regional committee. Over the years, many changes have occurred in the region: new houses were actively built, people were relocated from communal apartments and barracks to separate apartments.

Under Yeltsin, agriculture developed, poultry farms opened, and the supply of the region with products improved. Yeltsin paid special attention to the transport system: several large roads were built under him, and the design and construction of the metro began in Sverdlovsk. A promising manager and specialist in housing and industrial construction was noticed in the center.

Soon, in December of the same year, by the decision of the Politburo, Yeltsin was appointed the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU. As a result, in November, Boris Nikolaevich lost the post of first secretary of the Moscow city committee. The whole country circled the phrase “Boris, you are wrong! This was followed by the so -called “parade of sovereignty” of other union republics and even some regions in the Russian Federation.

In March, the President of Russia passed the All -Russian referendum, during which the population supported the introduction of a post of president of the republic in Russia. The popular elections were appointed on June 12, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin won at them. A few weeks after Yeltsin’s entry of the President, events took place on August 19-21, which went down in history as the “August Putch”.

The confrontation was headed by the President of the Russian Federation. Boris Yeltsin led independent Russia for 8 years, from the GG. The first presidential term was under the sign of a sharp change in the principles of economics and state system, as well as not always a successful fight against separatism, which significantly reduced the popularity of the president. Some politicians still question the legitimacy of his victory in the next elections in the year, but this victory allowed Yeltsin to continue his course of economic transformations.

However, his second presidential term was not much easier than the first: he had a difficult economic crisis of the year and the beginning of the Second Chechen War - GG. Yeltsin, who by that time worsened health problems, announced his resignation. The acting president became the chairman of the Government of V. Yeltsin's reform to Yeltsin's main economic reforms include a set of measures for a quick transition from the USSR planned economy to a market one.

These transformations involved a weakening of state regulation of pricing policy, prices for prices, intensifying foreign trade, permission of private entrepreneurship and privatization of state enterprises, as well as housing and land. Transformation of the beginning of the x Salaries were not paid, pensions were delayed.At the same time, the commodity deficit disappeared in Russia, imported goods poured into the market, business began to develop, although closely related to crime.

The program of free privatization of municipal housing, begun under Yeltsin, continues in Russia so far. By the end of the x. The crisis of the year, caused by the artificial overestimation of the ruble and the fall of world energy prices for energy resources, the import of which was one of the most important articles of the Russian budget revenues, led to the technical default on the main types of government securities on August 17.

The ruble was released freely, and its exchange rate in relation to the US dollar for six months has fallen more than three times. The rejection of the narrow “currency corridor” caused a sharp jump in inflation, but subsequently, when the ruble exchange rate began to be regulated by the market, a steady rise in the economy began in the country. In - gg.

In case of denomination of the national currency from January 1, the new ruble became equal to the previous rubles. This simplified cash and non -cash calculation, as well as the work of accountants. Yeltsin was the reorganization of the entire state structure of the country, associated with a ban on the merger of party and executive bodies, as well as with the creation of a multi -party system, as well as a banner of the President of the Russian Federation.

The sharp breakdown of the previous principles of management was followed not only by the most severe economic crisis, but also by the political crisis, one of the most acute for all the years of Yeltsin's life. The peak of the confrontation of the president and parliament became the events of the year 3-4, ending the storm of the White House - buildings of the House of Councils of the Russian Federation, dissolution of the Supreme Council and the congress of people's deputies of the Russian Federation and constitutional reform.

The legislative power began to represent a new body - the Federal Assembly consisting of two chambers - the State Duma and the Federation Council. The Constitution of the year secured the status of a presidential republic for Russia, which implied the supremacy of the president over other branches of power and gave it broad powers to govern the state. After the failures of the First Chechen War - GG.

In the year, a decree was accepted that allowed the contract under the contract. At the end of the year. Yeltsin actually conducted a double reduction in the armed forces - if for a year their number was about 2.3 million people, then by the year about 1.2 million people remained in the service. The domestic policy of Yeltsin’s domestic policy was determined primarily by attempts to overcome the economic and political crisis, to maintain the efficiency of power and the integrity of the state, not leaving the path of democratic reforms.

Yeltsin had to build complex relations with the legislative bodies. After the elections to the State Duma of the year, most deputy mandates were received by representatives of the opposition. The opposition Duma often blocked the decisions of the president, and in the year even considered the issue of impeachment. The construction of relations between the authorities and the new business etity-the oligarchs, in whose hands the country's most important enterprises, including the companies of the oil and gas sector and large media were in the difficult task.

A severe test for Russia was separatist sentiments in the republics, striving for sovereignty. The most acute situation was in Chechnya, which in the X year. The first Chechen war that had begun in the year took thousands of lives, but Yeltsin was not able to achieve the main goal then: the Khasavyurt agreements of the year de facto left Chechnya uncontrolled by the federal authorities.

In August, after the invasion of Chechen militants in Dagestan, a counter -terrorist operation began, also known as the Second Chechen War. After the resignation of Yeltsin, she ended with the preservation of Chechnya in the Russian Federation. The foreign policy of Yeltsin’s foreign policy was aimed, on the one hand, to restore ties with neighboring states that were previously part of the USSR, on the other hand, to strengthen contacts with the West and overcome the consequences of the Cold War.

Relations with the United States have improved significantly compared to the Soviet period. The initiatives for the disarmament, the development of cultural and economic interaction, repeated meetings with US President Bill Clinton are those steps that Boris Yeltsin took, trying to distance himself from the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. The President of Russia was guided by the same principles in interaction with European countries.

Yeltsin withdrew Russian troops from the countries of the former Warsaw Treaty and the Baltic states, contributed to the establishment of diplomatic, economic and cultural contacts with the countries of Western Europe. An agreement on partnership and cooperation with the EU was signed in the year. After the resignation after resignation, Yeltsin, the first president of Russia as a whole, led a rather inconspicuous life, but participated in some public events in Russia and the CIS countries.

In particular, Yeltsin visited the opening of a lifetime monument to him in Kyrgyzstan, participated in the celebration of the flight of the presidential regiment and celebrated his own summer anniversary in the Great Kremlin Palace. In retirement, Yeltsin wrote a book of memoirs “The Presidential Marathon”, dedicated to the events of the second term of his presidency. The family and personal life of Yeltsin's personal life was happy and prosperous.

Boris Nikolayevich met with his wife Naina Josephic Yeltsina, neutralized by Anastasia, Josephic Girina during his studies at the Ural Polytechnic Institute. The classmates played the wedding in the year. Boris Yeltsin has six grandchildren and three great -grandchildren. The death and funeral Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin suffered from diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Back in the middle of the x. The death of Yeltsin occurred on April 23 as a result of cardiac arrest and multiple organ failure. Farewell to the first president of Russia took place in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin at the Novodevichy cemetery was buried. The results of the activities of Boris Yeltsin are one of those politicians whose activities are evaluated as polar as possible these days.

Some see in him a person who contributed to the collapse of the USSR, the culprit of heavy economic crises, an inept politician who undermined the country's defense capabilities. Others evaluate him as a bright figure, whose reforms brought Russia freedom, independence, helped create a democratic civil society in the country, and set up a constructive dialogue with the West.

One thing is undoubted: the role of Boris Yeltsin in the history of modern Russia is difficult to overestimate, and for a balanced and unbiased assessment of his affairs, there should be a lot of time.