Biography of chimes

The clock of the clock is preceded by several chords that cause and every quarter of an hour. The adjective Kremlin is understandable, but what is, in fact, chimes? In the dictionary of foreign words, chimes mean running. The explanation in relation to the clock mechanisms is dubious: we say the clock run when they show the wrong time, more than in fact. This is not applicable to the Kremlin chimes: this is a very accurate mechanism by which the whole country checks the clock.

We turn to history. The word chimes - foreign language origin. However, in none of the European languages, tower hours with a musical battle are not called chimes: in the Polish - Zegar Wygrywajacy Melodie, the clock playing the melody "; in German - Turmuhr Mit Glockkenspiel "Tower Watch with Bell Hargon"; in French - Horlogen a Carillon "Tower Clock with a Bell Charzon"; In the Italian - Orologio a Cariglione "Tower Watch with a Bell Chick." A clock with a musical battle appeared in Russia under Peter I on the bell tower of the old Isaac's Church, the predecessor of the current Isaac's Cathedral, as well as in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

However, then such a watch was called not chimes, but a combat or bell watch. And yet, in one monument of this era, we meet the expression of chicken clock: "... from the remembered lightning, the St. Petersburg St. Petersburg caught fire, on which the spitz and chicken watches burned out" hiking magazine ", but was there a noun chimes and what did it mean? In the “Archive of Prince F.

Kurakin” we read: “In Amsterdam on the town hall, the clock is large - the custom is this: every Monday itself, the chapel itself plays for half an hour after twelve, as it beats different chimes, hands and legs, as I could see with one occasion that I came into great sweat.” Here, chimes mean musical plays. The name dates back to the dance melody born in France: Danse Courante literally "running dance" as opposed to ceremonial dancing with bowing.

Presumably, the dance was considered extremely fashionable and popular - if its melody sounded not only on the town halls, but also on the bells. Over time, the dance went out of fashion, he was forgotten, but his name still continues to meet in the texts. For example, in the "Arape of Peter the Great" by A. Pushkin: "This Honored Dancer had 50 years old, his right leg was shot down under a hill, and therefore was not very capable of minuettes and chimes." In the "gentlemen of the Golovlevs" M.

Saltykova-Shchedrina Arina Petrovna tells her son: "I, my darling, are not crazy money; I did not get them with dancing and chimes, but with a ridge and in this way" ch. Nevertheless, the word of the female kind as to the name of the ancient dance is included in the seventeen -volume dictionary of the modern Russian literary language, and the shape of the masculine clan is characterized as obsolete.

In the second half of the 18th century, the word chimes was preserved only to indicate simple melodies, performed by hand or mechanically on the bells of the tower watch. In "Russian with German and French translations of the dictionary composed by Ivan Nordstet", the first volume of which came out in the year, the Russian title word of chimes is translated as "Ein Glockenspiel, Un Carillon", that is, the "Bell Chic".

The chimes also called a set of bells or bells on which the melody was performed: "... he sent to ... the church, ordered that the magazine" Economic Store ", vol. In the "History of the Japanese Kingdom" we read: "They play on flute, harp, organs, thrombic, drums, tambourines, on chimes and copper basins of various kinds." Already in the first half of the 18th century, the word chimes acquired another meaning - the mechanism of musical battle in watches including indoor ones.

The inventory of the year mentions “Large clockwork hours and with chimes, in the corps of wooden, locksmithing, master Stepan Yakovlev in St. Petersburg [made]” “Materials for the history of the Imp. Academy of Sciences”, i.e. this significance was also preserved in the poem of the city of Derzhavin “To the portrait of N. Dyakov”: the churant is spiritual, widespread: and go away, the Aria plays Aria Heavenly.

This meaning of the word chimes, it seems, was the main one until the middle of the XIX century. So, in the French-Russian dictionary of I. Tatishchev, the French verb Carrillonner is translated as "to make chimes so that they play." Herzen writes in a letter to N. Zakharyina on November 30: "Suddenly, a clock with chimes began loudly." This value is recorded by the dictionary of the Academy of Sciences: "Chimes.

Music in the watch. Kunthi watches ... ". If the tradition of such a consumption of the word chimes continued until now, it would naturally lead to the fact that this word began to be called music in mobile phones. However, this was somehow disappeared from everyday life and remain only like antiques or a fraud under the same, and the word chimes firmly grew from the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin and acquired a solemn Read statehood at any time.