Writer Landau Biography

Lev Davidovich Landau on the anniversary of the birth of A. Ahizer Lev Davidovich Landau. Photo by D. Guy January 22 of the year marks the 90th anniversary of the birth of one of the largest physicists of the 20th century Lev Davidovich Landau. Landau made a huge contribution to theoretical physics, to its various areas. He was not only a great scientist who possessed rare universalism, but also a great teacher, a capital teacher who created the world-famous a theoretical physicist, whose work also made a significant contribution to physical science.

It was a wonderful teacher who gave brilliant lectures not only in theoretical, but also in general, elementary physics. The unusually high and moral appearance of Landau. His uncompromising in fundamental issues, kindness and goodwill and the moral support that he provided in difficult times are known to a novice scientist are known. Landau's life was both magnificent and tragic.

Already during his lifetime there was a legend of Landau. And how can she not work out if he achieved the greatest creative successes and was twice in the arms of death: once after the arrest by the NKVD bodies as an “enemy of the people” in the year and the second - after an ridiculous automobile catastrophe in the year. For the first time, Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa saved him.

It was a feat. After all, the next day, after the arrest of Kapitsa, not afraid, he turned directly to Stalin himself.

In his letter, Kapitsa gave Landau a magnificent scientific characteristic and asked: “It also seems to me,” Kapitsa wrote, “should take into account the character of Landau, who, simply put, is bad. He is Zadir and Zabiyak, he likes to look for other mistakes from others, and when he finds them, especially with important elders, like our academicians, he begins to tease disrespectfully.

With this, he made many enemies, but with all his shortcomings in character it is very difficult for me to believe that Landau was capable of something dishonest. ” Above Landau failed to commit a bloody reprisal. Thanks to the enormous efforts, Kapitsa Landau were forced to free. True, the prosecution was not removed from him, but simply gave the bail to Kapitsa. We all must bow to the courage and courage of Kapitsa, this great man and scientist.

After all, it was truly a feat at that difficult time. In any other institution, the day after the arrest of the “enemy of the people”, a general meeting of employees was convened, at which the leader, Bia himself in the chest, thanked the Yezhov bodies for helping to expose the “worst enemy of the people that had gone in to our team”. But Kapitsa did not collect the general meeting, did not beat himself in his chest and did not repent in sins that he did not commit, but with the greatest courage and courage rushed to save an innocent person.

And won. The whole scientific world owes him for this. Landau was rehabilitated only in the year, many years after death. So starting on April 28, when he was released, and until his death on April 1, he remained guilty and "quite exposed in participation in the anti -Soviet group." In the collected works of Landau there is the only article for the year in which he was arrested - about electromagnetic rainfalls.

Only one work has also been included in the year - about the effect of de Gaaz -Wan Alfen, which was performed, strictly speaking, earlier. But since the year there are already many works, and this is due not only to the fact that Landau was freed, but also with the excellent attitude to him of Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa, with whom they lived the soul into their souls.

Abroad, the Institute of Physical Problems was called the Kapitsa -Landau Institute, the scientific interests and work of these two great masters were so interconnected. The second disaster occurred on January 7 of the year, when Landau, driven by some “evil spirits”, drove a car to Dubna, although there was a strong ice. Near him there was no guardian angel Kapitsa, who would warn him from the trip.

The car that Landau was traveling collided with a truck, and Landau received fatal injuries, about which Moscow medical luminaries said that they were not compatible with life. Nevertheless, Landau's life was saved by the cost of the heroic efforts of doctors, nurses and the cohesion of physicists around the world who produced the necessary medicines and sent them aircraft to Moscow.

The battle of Landau took place in a genuine sense, which was only formally won, for only the Landau flesh shell was saved. His intellect died. It was terrible to see Landau, who lost his brilliant mind. His happiness was only that he did not feel and did not perceive this tragedy. When he was addressed with any scientific question, Landau usually answered: “Let's talk about it tomorrow.” The memory has preserved only knowledge of foreign languages, which Landau excellently owned.

Lev Davidovich Landau was born on January 22 in Baku. His father was an engineer-neft, and his mother was a doctor. In childhood, Landau had a very early mathematical talent. Subsequently, he said that he did not remember when he learned to differentiate and integrate.At the age of fourteen, Landau entered the University of Baku, and two years later he switched to the physical department of the University of Leningrad, which he graduated in the year.

That was the era of the birth and rapid development of the new physical theory - quantum mechanics, so that the creative path of Landau was closely associated with all stages of development of this most important physical theory. Landau had to work hard to keep up with a new science. At one time he even had a nervous exhaustion, he lost his dream, but survived. Friends of Landau were G.

Gamov and M. Bronstein, later the famous physicists. Gamov created the theory of the alpha decapor of nuclei, predicted the existence of a relict radiation that remained from the moment of a large explosion-the beginning of the existence of the Universe, he was one of the first to explain the hereditary code associated with the genetic structure. Bronstein was the first to quantize the gravitational field.

In the year, on a business trip, the People's Commissariat of the People's Commissariat of Landau went abroad and for a year and a half worked in Denmark, England and Switzerland. The most important thing for him was to stay in Copenhagen, where at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, Great Niels Borus gathered physicists and theoreticals of the whole of Europe and the main issues of theoretical physics of that time were discussed at the famous seminars led by Bor.

This scientific atmosphere, enhanced by the charm of the personality of Bor, had a decisive influence on the formation of the physical worldview of Landau, and in the future he always considered himself a student of Niels Bor. He visited Copenhagen two more times, in years, upon returning to Leningrad in the year, Landau worked at the Leningrad Physics and Technical Institute, and in the year he moved to Kharkov, to the new scientific center-the Ukrainian Physics and Technical Institute of UFTI.

This institute was created in the year according to the decision of the Government of Ukraine on the initiative of the most prominent organizer of Soviet physics Academician Abram Fedorovich Ioffe. Ioffe, as a paramount task, indicated the need for “decentralization of physics”, that is, the creation of a network of physical institutions throughout the country, and not only in Leningrad and Moscow.

First of all, he emphasized the need to create a powerful physical institute in Kharkov, the largest industrial center of the country and the capital of Ukraine. The capital was transferred to Kyiv in the year at the direction of Stalin. In Leningrad, a group of scientists who left for Kharkov was escorted at the station solemnly, with music, for their departure was considered as an important patriotic step.

The building for the new institute was designed at the suggestion of the future director of UFTI Ivan Vasilyevich Obreimov, the famous Leningrad architect, and the building turned out to be excellent. Leipansky, L. Shubnikov, K. Sinelnikov, A. Walter, V. Gorsky, G. Latyshev, A. Prikhotko, O. Trapeznikova, L. Rosenkevich and others. Much later, in an interview with these lines, Ivan Vasilievich said that Landau was underestimated in the LFTI, and the Outreims, knowing how talented to Landau, offered him the position of head of the theoretical department of UFTI and complete freedom of action in the training of the staff of young theorists and the choice of scientific topics.

In fact, the Obraims first created the theoretical department in the system of physical institutions of the country. It can be said that the creation of this department and the transfer of Landau was facilitated by the complex relations of the director of the Lift Ioffe with Landau, who, as a harsh person, did not hesitate to criticize the specific works of Ioffe on thin -layer insulation.

These works, as Landau explained, were incorrect. The tasks of Landau were clear from the very beginning: the organization of the theoretical department, the identification of creative youth and work with it, scientific activity in the field of theoretical physics, pedagogical work in Kharkov universities, writing books and reviews on theoretical and general physics, creative contacts with UFTI experimenters.

At the institute, the “Physical Journal of the Soviet Union” began to be published, which gained world fame. In the summer of the year, the International Conference on Theoretical Physics was held in Kharkov. The conference was attended by Niels Bor and many prominent theorists, both Soviet and foreign. Among them were V. Foc, I. Tamm, Y. Frenkel, E. Williams, R. Payerls, I. Valler and others.

Dirac, V. Fok, R. Payerls, V. Waistff, G. Broach, Gamov and others.