Biography of Frankl Victor

Biography Biography Viktor Frankl - a world -famous psychiatrist, psychotherapist, philosopher, creator of the so -called third Vienna school of psychotherapy. In the fundamental work of Victor Frankl, “Man in Search of meaning”, first published in the year, his extreme experience in the concentration of the Nazi camp was outlined. This experience served as a philosophical and empirical basis for creating a new method of existential psychotherapy-logotherapy.

According to logotherapy, the driving force of human behavior is the desire to find and realize the meaning of life in the outside world. One of the key purely human properties is the will to meaning. The oppression of this need, which Frankl called existential frustration, is a common cause of mental and neurotic personality disorders - noogenic disorders. Logotherapy is designed to help a person make life - his past, the present, the future - more meaningful, thereby saving him from a neurosis, which is often generated by a sense of nonsense.

I saw the meaning of my life in helping others see the meaning in my life. Victor Frankl is widely known for Sigmund Freud, which he expressed in a letter to his follower and fan of Maria Bonaparte: "If a person thought about the meaning of life, then he is seriously ill." His other statement is no less known: "In my studies of the huge building of the human psyche, I stopped in the basement." Attempts by his followers to rise to the “upper floors” inevitably led to a critical reassessment of the classical heritage.

Victor Frankl, carried away by psychoanalysis in his youth, was not pleased with the wandering of the “basement” and eventually created his own theory, his own school, diametrically opposing Freudian. Unlike the skeptical position of the Vienna Patriarch, it was Frankl that called the meaning of life to mental health, and the loss of meaning is the main reason not only of ill health, but also of many other human troubles.

The most famous book of Francla is called "Man in Search of meaning." Probably, this is how it could have been characterized by its author. Victor Emil Frankl was born on March 26 in Vienna, where at that time Dr. Freud was gathering on Wednesdays on Wednesday - the prototype of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. The members of the circle could still be counted on the fingers, but the ironic skeptic Alfred Adler, who 6 years later with a scandal, would leave the ranks of the Freudians to establish his own school.

The “interpretation of dreams” has already been published, but almost half of the first circulation was still dusting on the counters of unclaimed, and critical arrows were poured addressed to Freud and his followers. However, by the time Frankl had reached youthful age and the problems of professional and personal self -determination acutely faced with him, psychoanalysis had already taken shape in an influential course and gained wide recognition.

Frankl became still a schoolboy, Freud became interested in the ideas of Freud, and entered into personal correspondence with him. Freud favored the young man, according to his patronage, the article of the summer Viktor Frankl was published in the “International Journal of Psychoanalysis” in the year. However, the young man was no less interested in the ideas of Adler’s “apostate”, who created the second Vienna school of psychotherapy was the first to be considered Freudian.

Having not yet received a complete education, Frankl joined the Adlerians. This stage of his scientific biography was marked by the publication in the International Journal of Individual Psychology. However, cooperation did not last long. In the year, on the basis of obvious disagreements with colleagues, Frankl left the society of individual psychology. However, these years have not passed without a trace.

They laid out an imprint on all the subsequent work of Frankl: in almost all his works there are Freud and Adler - as explicit and implicit opponents. Having passed the first and second Viennese schools of psychotherapy, Frankl took the path of creating his own - the third. That is how the teachings he created will be called later. But the years of the accumulation of experience, the years of the most difficult life tests, before youthful ideas took shape into a harmonious concept.

Frankl wrote about his youthful attitude: “As a young man, I went through hell of despair, overcoming the obvious meaninglessness of life, through extreme nihilism. Over time, I managed to develop immunity against nihilism. Thus I created logotherapy. ” The term “logotherapy” Frankl proposed in the years, subsequently used the term “existential analysis” as an equivalent.

Thus, the founder of domestic psychotherapy K. Platonov, the term “logotherapy” was used in the meaning of “treatment with a word” - as a counterweight to medical and surgical treatment, that is, as a synonym for psychotherapy; In this meaning, the term did not receive the term.In some domestic works on correctional pedagogy, the term “logotherapy” indicates a set of psychotherapeutic methods and techniques aimed at overcoming speech disorders.

Frankl is based on a broader understanding of the Greek foundation: “Logos” is “Word” not just as a verbal act, but as the quintessence of an idea, meaning, that is, it is the very meaning. Such an interpretation clarifies many misunderstandings in the interpretation of the gospel text: “In the beginning, it was a word in the year Frankl founded the center of consulting youth in Vienna and headed it up to a year.

From a year, he entered the state of a neuropsychiatric university clinic. In the practical sphere, he has developed a “paradoxical intention” technique - a psychotherapeutic inversion method, focused on reinforcing the patient's fears and achieving the therapeutic effect on the principle of “from the nasty”. In the year, he performed an interesting study of "Neva of unemployment", which unfortunately!

Austria’s accession to the Nazi Reich for the Jewish part of the country's population and Frankl was belonging to it and meant certain death. Shortly before Anschlus, he had the opportunity to emigrate to the United States, but he rejected it: the invitation received from America did not apply to his relatives, and Frankl considered it unacceptable to abandon them. Probably, in the science of the soul of differences in the worldview, they affect all areas: Sigmund Freud, who went into emigration with his wife and daughter, did not show any concern for his sisters, and they all disappeared in the concentration camps.

Fortune gave Franku for several years delay. By a happy chance, the Gestapo, who formalized the sending of Frankl to the death camp, turned out to be his former patient and deleted him from the list. But in the year, Dr. Frankl was remembered again. And how could you not recall the head of the department of the Vienna Rothschildovsky Jewish Hospital! The ovens of Auschwitz and Dahau demanded fuel, and Victor Franklu was to become one of the millions of logs in their hellish flame.

However, he survived. Here, coincidence and pattern came together. Accident-that he did not fall into any of the teams who were heading to death for not for any specific reason, but simply because the death machine had to be nourished by someone. The pattern - that he went through all this, preserving himself, his personality, his “stubbornness of the spirit”, as he called the ability of a person not to succumb, not to break under the blows that collapses into the body and soul.

In concentration camps, he received an audit and confirmation of his view of a person, and it is unlikely that it will be possible to find at least one psychological theory of personality, which would be so personally suffered and paid for at such an expensive price. Any attempt to restore the internal power of the prisoner implies the finding of some goal in the future as the most important condition for success.

Nietzsche’s words: “If there is why live, you can endure almost any as” - could become a motto for any psychotherapeutic and psychohygienic efforts to woe to him who have not seen any more purpose or meaning of his existence, which means he lost every point of the support. Soon he died. The experience of these terrible years and the meaning, extracted from this experience, Frankl described in the book “Psychologist in the concentration camp”, published shortly after the war.

This book for a year was actually “written” in his mind, and one of the incentives for survival was the desire to preserve it and finally publish it. Although, as the author admitted, he “wrote with the conviction that it will not bring, cannot bring success and glory,” of all his books it was this most popular. After this book was published in English, it withstood a fabulous number of reprints in dozens of languages ​​around the world and its total circulation has already exceeded 2.5 million in total 16 books, their aggregate circulation is no longer calculated; Against this background, in how much a narrow circle Frankl is popular in our country - many practical psychologists have not even heard of it.

The end of the forties was marked by the brightest surge of Frankclay's creative activity. His books - philosophical, psychological, medical - appear one after another. Among his most significant works, besides the named - “Doctor and Soul”, “Psychotherapy and Existentialism”, “The will to the meaning”, “Time and responsibility”, “subconscious God”, “psychotherapy in practice”.

In the year, Frankl became the director of the Vienna Neurological Hospital, begins to teach from the University of Vienna from the year, receives the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the year, heads the Austrian Society of Psychotherapists in the year. In the years, the publication of his works in English brought him worldwide glory, late to our shores only to the beginning of x.

Frankl twice traveled around the world with lectures on logotherapy, visited many countries, including in the USSR, the audience of psychologists at Moscow State University met him with a standing ovation. He died in a deep old age in his native Vienna. In our country, his ideas are still awaiting real recognition. After all, logotherapy is not so much a technique as a philosophy.

Unlike many manipulator grades so beloved by many, its concept does not contain directive recommendations and techniques. When asked if there are such, Frankl loves to answer: “It's like asking a grandmaster, which chess move is the best.” After all, every person reveals the meaning of his life for himself.

A person should not ask what the meaning of his life is, but rather must realize that he himself is the one to whom the question is addressed. Author profiles.