Alexander Dobrolyubov biography

Born in the family of an official. He studied at the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University. The herald of warlike aesthetics and individualism, subsequently - religious asceticism. He served a imprisonment for the rejection of military service and anti -war propaganda. The literary activity began as a symbolist. The first book of verses “Natura Naturans. Natura Naturata.

In the year in Moscow, the “Collection of Poems” was published by D. Konevsky “To the study of the personality of Alexander Dobrolyubov” and V. Bryusov “On Russian versification”. The last collection of D. here D. for the verses of D. his verse is a cross between a free and folk verse, the use of conspiracies, etc. A brief literary encyclopedia in 9 volumes. The State Scientific Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", T.

Dobrolyubov Alexander Mikhailovich [Ud-Jary, Azerbaijan]-poet. The son of a real state adviser, an indispensable secretary in peasant affairs in the Kingdom of Poland. I received home education. He was distinguished by excellent memory, read a lot and enthusiastically. Knowledge of foreign languages ​​allowed him to get acquainted in the original with Western European literature.

For 5 years he studied at the Warsaw gymnasium. The resignation of his father in prompted the family to return to Russia. After graduating from the 6th St. Petersburg gymnasium, he published the first book of poems “Nature Naturans. Natura Natu-Rata "" nature is generating. Nature is generated ”and in the same year was accepted without exams at the historical and philological faculty of St.

Petersburg University. Having defeated the temptation of decadence, Dobrolyubov comes to the decision to break with “cruel debauchery”, refined sensations and brought to abstract “madness of the final world”. Dobrolyubov in a letter to a friend says about this spiritual coup: “For a year, a new revolution has been committed in the depths of my, and my heart was often crying. He realizes the idea of ​​his interference and sacrificial asceticism for the sake of overcoming the abyss between the “educated” society and people of labor in specific actions: having left the university and receive a certificate of higher education in 3 courses and a vacation certificate with the right to leave, Dobrolyov gives out his things, books and manuscripts, renounces the noble title in the passport and spring begins the existence of a person living in fruits living your hands.

Such was the purpose of his departure to the north, wanderings in the Olonets and Arkhangelsk lips. Having left the monastery to comprehend the path and gain like -minded people among people of physical labor, Dobrolyubov continues wanderings. After some time, finding supporters, appears in St. Petersburg and in Moscow. Even the animals went to him trustingly, caressed "Bryusov V.

After many persecutions, false accusations of mental disorder, see become an authoritative mentor for many. Fascinated by the possibility of independent from the authorities, peasants are united in communities, calling themselves "Dobrolyubovians." Dobrolyubov himself, showing everyone an example of a righteous life, works as a laborer mainly for the poorest and refuses to pay for his work.

The main one since the “departure” was the principle of “invisible work” for the “departure” and the interpretation, the basis of which was manual labor. Dobrolyubov was limited to the fact that the peasants fed him, gave the night, sometimes clothes. An important part of the voluntary protest adopted against the “educated” society and people of mental labor was the strictest self -background for writing, concerning the scripture of poems: “Despite the strongest desire, not to touch the pen of Dobrolyubov July, which is in the personal archive of the G.

The period of“ invisible work ”, that is, continuously wandering around Russia, and sobbing the same. He stopped for a long time, he left and changed the refuge. However, in reality, this was not a vagrancy and wandering of a beggar: Dobrolyubov himself verified the real possibilities of creating in Russia an independent community of peasant farmers-“free Christians”.

The basis of the religious and philosophical doctrine of the Dobrolyubs is the covenants, partly repeating in the form of the naked sermon of Jesus Christ, but quite original. They are included in the third collection "From the Book of the Invisible." Actual sost. Bryusova John and his sister Nadezhda of a like -minded person Dobrolyubova; The latter in E is the correspondent and addressee of the lyrics of Dobrolyubov, to which Dobrolyubov left all the manuscripts at the full disposal.

The collection “From the Book of the Invisible” contains spiritual parables, revelations, repentance, poems and letters of Dobrolyubov, his appeals to the editorial office of the magazine “Libra”, to famous writers and acquaintances, as well as renunciation of former delusions with condemnation of “former like -minded people”. Knowing the free will of his “I” and recognizing “God as good”, Vera as he himself wrote Dobrolyubov “did not throw back”, but began to see the world differently.Dobrolyubov, like other charismatic people of Russia, had to survive the rare insight “the light of his personality”, which was nothing more than the continuation of the Light of the Creator of Dobrolyubov from Aug 24.

The fresh understanding of the life path, creativity and philosophical searches of the Dobrolyubs as a poet and an effective warehouse of the thinker is facilitated by a copy of his treatise “worldview” of the RO Museum of L. Tolstoy, rewritten by one of his followers among the intelligentsia of N. Bryusov, A. Kolesnichenko, L. Semenov-Shansky, N. Sutkov, and only I. Yarkov, and only only.

You are doing everything in your body and mind, but you don’t know the spirit. You don’t even know your spirit, but the spirit of God is hidden from you ”from the invisible book. Dobrolyubov’s romantic maximalism, his “mind, extreme in his denial of the entire emliric” Vl. Gippius, led him through the decadent-anarchist rebellion and through a number of spiritual crises to the formation of a whole philosophical and religious worldview, to the understanding of Christianity and its Orthodox-west foundation.

Dobrolyubov walked along this path with his inherent, as contemporaries noted, by will always and in everything to go “to the end”, not only to implement, but also to check all the extremes of decadence individualism with the temptations of emancipation and aesthetics, with the “poisons” of non -being, with the sermons of suicide or self -reliance, etc. White wrote: “This lonely image of the Russian symbolist, who had struggled our The tragedy cannot but worry us: we will go too, we cannot stomp in the spot: but symbolism is as an worldview.

In the early period, Dobrolyubov, who knew well in the original of the French Symbolists, sought to penetrate into the area of ​​supersensible, in fact, it can be called one of the founders of Russian symbolism. Describing the poetry of Dobrolyubov before his “departure”, the poet I. Konevsky, the author in SE, the articles “To the study of the personality of A. Dobrolyubov” in the second of his collection “Poems”, writes about “Special Creativity”, “Compiled from reflection and shadows”.

Dobrolyubov himself calls his vision of the world "instalism." Dobrolyubov had in mind the instantry of the divine “insight from above the mind”, which is largely intuitively, not subject to the poet, his intellect. The first two poetic books of Dobrolyubov were not only met by misunderstanding, but also aroused attacks by criticism for trying to combine a poetic word with music, for his idea of ​​synthesizing arts.

At the same time, poems such as “whether I stood up at night, an important evidence of Dobrolyubov’s creative activity, is the creation of a number of hymns and psalms, prayer verses performed in those years to our time in the Christian communities of the“ Dobrolyubovites ”. The poetic significance of the poetry of Dobrolyubov for a wide range of readers is confirmed today by the inclusion of his poems in all the outgoing books about prominent poets of the Silver Age.

Judging by the preserved manuscripts, Dobrolyubov in E not only did not lose the poetic gift, but also significantly enriched him. Poems written during this period are perhaps the best of all that was created by him for a long and difficult life. The verse is noteworthy. Dobrolyubov was especially difficult to live after, when his arrests became more frequent for the “demonstration” and for some time Dobrolyubov was in the NKVD colony, the Azerbaijan SSR was rolled up in the city.

The drama setting was carried out in St. Petersburg with a young theater group of dir. No written certificates have yet been discovered about the last years of Dobrolyubov. Dobrolyubov was known to contemporaries as a Simvolist of the Silver Age, who was silent early.

Today there is every reason to talk about him and as a large philosopher of an effective-religious warehouse. This was caught by L. Tolstoy, with whom Dobrolyubov met three times. The only proof that the teaching gives this good is to live on him, as Dobrolyubov lives. ” Dobrolyubov tried to the extent of his strength to help overcoming the centuries -old gap between science and religion in order to help strengthen the “rational faith and believing mind” Stankevich L.

Materials of the VIII International Congress of Psychologists "Interaction of science, philosophy and theology in the formation of spiritual and economic thinking." Dobrolyubov sought to “study something inexplicable, careful study of all, even the most hostile concepts and currents” a letter to N. He made his valuable contribution to the understanding of the philosophy of religion, which found expression in his artistic work.

Zakrzhevsky in the book “Religion. Psychological parallels ”wrote:“ We were too weaned from true God -seekers, from miracles, from ascetics, from saints - I do not want to believe that they are still among us, but among modern religious creators, Alexander Dobrolyubov’s personality is the only living, vivid, unusual person, and in it the riddle of Russia, and in it is its shrine.

” Dobrolyubov was dedicated to the verses of Al.