Red Army Biography

This mighty man knew how to stay well in the saddle in every sense: he became a legend during the Civil War, survived during the Great Terror of the X. The childhood and youth of Budyonny Semyon Budyonny was born on April 13 25 on the now nonexistent Kozurin farm, in the territory of the modern Martynovsky district of the Rostov region. Later, the family moved to the village of Platovskaya now Budyonnovskaya.

The parents of the future Marshal - Mikhail Ivanovich - and Melania Nikitichna - came from the poor peasants of the Voronezh province. In addition to Semyon, seven more children grew up. Budyonny’s childhood was poor - the family of the Donskoy troops, which moved to the lands, was in the status of “nonresident”, literally second -class people. The landless visiting had to be hired in the farm laborers to the wealthy Cossack neighbors.

The labor biography of the seeds of Budyonny began at 9 years old, when he got a messenger to the local merchant. As they grow older, a tall and strong young man worked as a hammer in a forge, a stoker, an engineer of a locomotive thresher, knew how to and loved to take care of horses, which later played a role in the career of a Budenny. The service in the Russian Imperial Army in the year of Semyon Budyonny was drafted into the army, identified to the cavalry and sent to the Far East, to the Don Cossack Regiment.

By the beginning of the war with Japan, Budyonny was already an experienced cavalryman. Protecting the communications of the Russian army in Manchuria, as part of the Cossack trips, he chased the gangs of hunhuz robbers and in one of the skirmishes received his first injury. After the end of the Russo-Japanese War of Budyonny, they transferred to Vladivostok, to the Primorsky Dragoon Regiment.

Here he received the skirts of the younger non-commissioned officer and remained for the super-worker. In the year, the command sent Budyonny to St. Petersburg, to non-commissioned officers at the officer cavalry school, preparing instructors for cavalry units. In the year, he completed training with excellent results that allowed him to remain an instructor in the school itself, but the command of the regiment, who had an exemplary cavalryman in the best account, requested the return of Budyonny.

Arriving at the Far East, he received the title of senior non-commissioned officer and took up the preparation of recruits. Further information about the service of the seeds of Budyonny vary. According to some testimonies, in the same year he quit the reserve and returned home, settling to work on the Review, in others - he served in the Far East, and in his homeland he was only on vacation.

Be that as it may, with the outbreak of World War I, Budyonny was in service. As part of the Severovsky Dragoon Regiment, he fought first with the Germans and the Austrians, and then with the Turks, repeatedly showed himself in battles and actually reached the soldier's “ceiling” - became the St. George Cavalier and received the title of Vakhmistr. The Civil War after the February Revolution of the year of the Seversky Dragoon regiment was transferred to Tbilisi, where they took the oath of the Provisional Government, and in June of the same year they sent to the west, to Minsk.

There, S. Budyonny met M. Frunze, under the influence of which he unconditionally chose the side on which he would soon have to fight. After the October Revolution, Budyonny returned to his native lands, to the village of Platovskaya. There he entered the Executive Committee of the District Council, and also headed the district land department. In February, white Cossacks entered Platovskaya who unleashed terror against supporters of Soviet power.

Budyonny organized a small detachment from local residents and managed to knock the enemy out of the village. Then he, along with his village men, joined the 1st peasant cavalry socialist regiment and became deputy commander B. in September of the year the 1st peasant regiment became a brigade, in November-1st Cosiness Cavalry Division. In May, Dumenko and Budyonny managed to deploy the 1st horse corps on the basis of the division-the first so large cavalry unit of the Red Army.

Under his leadership, Konarmia became one of the most important military associations of the young state. Budyonny squadrons fought in the fields of the Civil War, playing the most important role in the defeat of the troops of P. Wrangel and A. Denikin, participated in the Soviet-Polish war-even the famous spicy headgear of the Red Army soldiers over time became called only Budyonovka.

In - gg. Well versed in horses, Semyon Mikhailovich did a lot to provide the cavalry with a horse composition. The work was carried out at once in several areas, which was supposed to improve the quality of the horse and dragging horses, and increase their livestock. In the year, Budyonny oversaw the specialized journal "horse breeding and stud farming", in the year controlled the creation of a specialized institution of horse breeding and renegade.

In the year, Budyonny graduated from the M. Frunze Military Academy, and in the year, after the introduction of military ranks in the Red Army, he became one of the first five marshals of the Soviet Union - besides him, in this list were V. Blucher, K. Voroshilov, A. Egorov and M. from to GG.Since March, he has become a member of the Main Military Council of the People’s Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, from March - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense K.

despite often sounding in E GG. He was vividly interested in technical news, capable of strengthening the Red Army on the eve of a new war, and in every possible way contributed to the development of mechanized and armored troops. At the same time, as an experienced commander, he soberly assessed the scientific and industrial potential of the country, and therefore believed that it was too early to completely abandon the use of horses in the army.

The subsequent war confirmed the correctness of this position. The Great Patriotic War with the outbreak of war Marshal Budyonny as the First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense became part of the promptly created headquarters of the Supreme High Command. He managed to receive an appointment to the post of commander of the Army Group of the Western direction and began to build a defense on the Dnieper and Western Dvina, but by July 1, the rapid advance of the Wehrmacht in Belarus forced all reserves into battle.

Marshal himself became deputy commander of the Western Front. In July-September, Marshal Budyonny commanded the troops of the southwestern direction, uniting the South-West and Southern Fronts. He managed to predict the catastrophe of the South-Western Front and warned the rate on the possibility of the Germans to form a boiler of the encirclement near Kiev and the need for timely retreat in this area, but was not heard.

On the contrary, the marshal was removed from his post and sent to command the backup front, whose troops were surrounded in early October and for the most part died near Vyazma. From this moment until the spring of the year, Budyonny remained without team posts, fulfilling various orders of the bet. Since the end of April, Semyon Mikhailovich commanded the troops of the North Caucasus direction, and then the North Caucasus Front.

In the summer of the year, his troops waged heavy defensive battles, retreating to the south, to the Caucasian mountains and the Black Sea coast. By September, the Germans managed to stop, but the North Caucasus Front was disbanded due to heavy losses, and the commander was recalled to Moscow. Until the end of the war, Marshal Budyonny Command posts did not hold on the front anymore, but as commander of the Cavalry of the Red Army, he was a great work to form new cavalry formations, went to troops with inspector inspections, etc.

The post -war activity after the victorious May of the year Marshal Budyonny continued to remain commander of the year of the year, and then headed until September the year. Inspectorate of this kind of troops, finally abolished in the year. It turned out that the Red Cavalry was born, reached its heyday and went into the past in front of my eyes and with the direct participation of Budyonny.

In September, the year after criticism to N. Khrushchev, Marshal was removed from all posts and resigned, but soon after the apologies brought were returned to the army. Budenny by this time exceeded 70 years. The next two decades he was listed in the group of inspectors of the Ministry of Defense, which served as a kind of honorary resignation, and also engaged in military-patriotic work with youth.

The family and personal life of the Budyonny family life of the marshal was not easy, with somewhat reminding the course of the country's history in miniature. The first wife, Nadezhda Ivanovna Budyonny - came from a neighboring village. They got married in the year before the departure of Semyon to the service. The next 15 years, the couple lived separately, but the civil war went side by side-Nadezhda served next to Semyon, in the medical units of the 1st Horse Army.

At the end of the year, the woman shot himself from the husband’s revolver - it was suicide or an accident, it is still unknown. Less than a year after the death of his first wife, Budyonny married a second time. His chosen one was Olga Stefanovna Budnitskaya Mikhailova - - a young bright beauty, the future opera singer, and the prima of the Bolshoi Theater. It is believed that it was the love of bright life and numerous novels, including foreigners, who caused the arrest of a woman in the year.

Under the pressure of investigators, she gave false testimonies to her husband, but when trying to make certificates, they reported that his wife was no longer alive. The marriage was officially terminated in the year, after Olga returned from exile, Marshal helped her get in Moscow. Soon after the arrest of his second wife, Budyonny made a third marriage-with her cousin Maria Vasilievna Mikhailova-despite the difference in the age of 33, the marshal gained real family happiness with the woman who literally idolized him-at first Semyon Mikhailovich was worth the big labors to wean Mary by name and patronymic.

At the age of 55, Budyonny first became a father when a couple had a son Igor had a couple in the year. Following, in the year, the daughter of Nina was born, and in the year - the son of Mikhail. Despite the later paternity, the marshal managed to see his grandchildren. For a long time it was believed that the future marshal had the so -called “full bow” - all four degrees of St. George Cross and four degrees of St.

George medal. Moreover, photographs of the gentleman himself with such a set of awards are known, however, modern archival research of factory historians did not find any documentary evidence for this. In the Red Army, the Budyonny managed to go to the establishment of military ranks all the steps of the service staircase, and therefore in the year it immediately became a marshal.

By the end of his life, the three “golden stars” of the Hero of the Soviet Union shone on his uniform-more than four, only in L. Brezhnev and G. Zhukov, three of the famous fighters A. Pokryshkin and I. had 15 Soviet orders of Lenin, six orders of the Red Banner, the commander of the Suvorov I degree, as well as the Budyonny. Equal for the union awards of the Order of the Red Banner of the Azerbaijani and Uzbek SSR, and numerous medals.

Three times the marshal was awarded with honorary weapons. The death and funeral of Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny was always distinguished by excellent health, and therefore lived a long and rich life - death overtook it only in the year. Marshal died on October 26 from hemorrhage to the brain. The funeral took place at the highest level, the first persons of the state took part in the mourning ceremony on Red Square.

To the sounds of weapons salute, the coffin with the body of the main red cavalryman was lowered into the grave near the Kremlin wall.