Scientist Lebedev Biography

Home - Personals - at the origins - Miscellaneous - Peter Swanevich Lebedev Petr Nikolayevich Lebedev, an outstanding Russian physicist -experimenter who was the first to confirm Maxwell’s withdrawal on the presence of light pressure, the creator of the first scientific physical school, professor of Moscow University, the creator of the first scientific physical school, professor of Moscow University - was filed as a result of the actions of the Minister Enlightenment, known as the "Casso case." The biography was born in Moscow on March 8.

In the youth years, he became interested in physics, but access to the university for him, a graduate of the real school, was closed, so he entered the imperial Moscow Technical School. Subsequently, P. Lebedev said that his acquaintance with the technique turned out to be very useful to him when constructing experimental attitudes. In the year he wrote a dissertation “On the measurement of dielectric permanent vapors and on the theory of the dielectrics of Mossotty - Clausius” and passed the exam for the first degree.

Upon returning to Russia, he received a place of assistant in Moscow University in the Moscow University in the laboratory of Professor A. The cycle of work performed by Kundt entered the master's thesis presented by Lebedev in the year “On the Pontrome -Treasher Action of Waves on Resonators”, for which he immediately is exceptional! Soon he was approved by a professor at Moscow University.

Scientific activity, not without some opposition from the part of his individual colleagues, Lebedev begins to actively carry out experimental work. By that time, he had already managed to gain fame and experience as one of the first researchers based on Maxwell's theory. Even in the year, he created an installation for generating and taking electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 6 mm and 4 mm, reflected, reflection, polarization, interference, etc.

In the year, P. Lebedev with the help of virtuoso, although Maxwell’s theoretical prediction on solids, and in the year, and in the year, on the opening of the discovery of the effect of the pressure effect, confirmed. Sveta. This study was an important milestone in the science of electromagnetic phenomena. Lebedev also dealt with the issues of electromagnetic waves on resonators and put forward deep considerations regarding intermolecular interactions in connection with these studies, paid attention to acoustics, in particular hydroacousticity.

The study of the pressure of light on the gases prompted Lebedev to be interested in the origin of the tails of comets. Not limited to research activities, P. Lebedev devotes a lot of effort to create a scientific school, which was essentially the first in Russia and the appearance of which continues to be felt to this day. By the year, about twenty young students already worked in the laboratory, who were destined to later play a prominent role in the development of physics in Russia.

Из них уместно назвать в первую очередь П. Лазарева, который в году начал работать с Лебедевым, стал вскоре его ассистентом и ближайшим помощником, после смерти Лебедева — руководителем его лаборатории, а в году — директором первого Научно-исследовательского института физики в Москве, института из которого вышли такие ученые как С. Вавилов, Г. Гамбурцев, А.

Минц, П. Ребиндер, В. Шулейкин, E. Lebedev’s experiments required the use of a carefully thought -out, sometimes rather complicated “mechanics”. This sometimes gave rise to ridiculous reproaches that Lebedev “science was reduced to the level of technology”. It is appropriate to note that P. Lebedev himself considered the issues of the connection of science and technology that deserved the most serious attention.

The last cycle of research by P. Lebedev is undeservedly underestimated to this day. These studies were aimed at checking the hypothesis of the English physicist of Suserland that the effect of gravity causes the redistribution of charges in the guides. In celestial bodies, in planets and stars, according to Sasralend, there is an “extrusion” of electrons from the internal regions, where the pressure is large, to the surface; Thanks to this, the internal areas are charged positively, and the surface of the bodies is negative.

The rotation of the bodies, along with the charging charges in them, should give rise to magnetic fields. Thus, a physical explanation of the origin of the magnetic fields of the Sun, Earth and other celestial bodies was proposed. The Suserland hypothesis did not then have a reliable theoretical justification, and therefore the experience conceived by Lebedev was particularly important to test it.

Realizing that the centrifugal forces should, like gravitational ones, cause the redistribution of charges, Lebedev put forward a simple, but, as always, a brilliant witty idea: with a rapid rotation of electrically neutral bodies, it should arise if the Suserland hypothesis, a magnetic field. It was such “magnetization by rotation” that an attempt was made to detect on experience.

It should be noted that the work took place in very difficult conditions. Lebedev decided to leave Moscow University along with many progressive teachers, in protest against the reactionary actions of the Minister of Cash.This decision negatively affected the development of the Moscow School of Physics. Historians of science believe that this led to the decline of physics teaching at Moscow State University, which continued until the end of the 10ths, when L., in addition, the very subtle experience that he conducted in the basement of the physical faculty, was to a certain extent, was a crkkan.

The desired effect could not be found. As it has now become clear, the reason was not in the absence of an effect, but in the insufficient sensitivity of the installation: those estimates for the magnetic fields that Lebedev were guided by and which were based on the works of Sasseland turned out to be significantly overstated. At the City University named after Shanavsky, where P.

Lebedev created a new physical laboratory at private means, he no longer managed to continue research. He always had a sick heart, and even once, when he was still relatively young, it suddenly stopped when he was a rowing boat. Then he managed to return him to life, but he lived only 46 years.