Mozart detailed biography

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Mozart was born on January 27 of the year in Salzburg. One of the most popular classic composers. Mozart had a great influence on world musical culture. According to contemporaries, Mozart possessed phenomenal musical hearing, memory and the ability to improvis. The youngest member of the Bologna Philharmonic Academy in its entire history, as well as the youngest cavalier of the Order of the Golden Spurs, unlike many composers of the XVIII century, Mozart not only worked in all musical forms of his time, but also achieved great success in them.

Many of his works are recognized as masterpieces of symphonic, concert, chamber, opera and choral music. Along with Haydn and Beethoven, it belongs to the most significant representatives of the Vienna Classical School. The biography of Mozart, especially his way of life and the circumstances of his early death, was the subject of numerous speculation and disputes, which in turn gave the ground for the appearance of various artistic fictions and common myths.

Mozart's musical abilities appeared at a very early age, when he was about three years old. His father Leopold was one of the leading European music teachers. His book “The Fundamental School of the Violin Game” ”“ Father taught Wolfgang the basics of the game on the harpsichord, violin and organ. In London, the young Mozart was the subject of scientific research, and in Holland, where music was strictly expelled, an exception was made for Mozart, since the clergy saw the goddish finger.

Maria Anna, in his extraordinary talent. Mozart, the older sister of Wolfgang Amadeus. In the year, Mozart's father took with his son and daughter Anna, also a wonderful performer in the harpsichord, an artistic journey to Munich and Vienna, and then to many other cities of Germany, Paris, London, Holland, Swiss, Switzeria. The tests that were offered to him by both knowledgeable in music and amateurs.

From the years, living in Salzburg and Vienna, Mozart studied the work of Handel, Sorry, Carissimi, Durant and other great masters. La Finta Semplice, but members of the Italian troupe, in whose hands this work of the summer composer fell, did not want to perform the boy’s music, and their intrigues were so strong that his father did not dare to insist on the performance of the opera.

In the year in Milan, again, when countering the theatrical impresario, the opera “Mithridates, King Pontic” was still delivered. Mitridate, Re di Ponto, which was adopted by the public with great enthusiasm. With the same success, his second opera, Lucio Sulla, Lucius Sulla year, was also given. For Salzburg, Mozart wrote “Scypion's Dream” Ital. Il Sogno di Scipio, about the election of the new archbishop, year, for Munich - opera La Bella Finta Giardiniera, 2 Masses, and the Offerorium year.

When he passed 17 years old, among his works there were already 4 operas, several spiritual poems, 13 symphonies, 24 sonatas, not to mention the mass of smaller compositions. In the year, Mozart received the place of the court organist in Salzburg collaborated with Michael Haydn. The reform of the lyric-dramatic art begins with Idomena. In this opera, traces of the old Italian Opera Seria are visible a large number of coloratural arias, a party of Idamant, written for a castrate, but in recitatives, and especially in the choirs, a new trend is felt.

A large step forward is also noticed in tools. With each new opera, the creative power and novelty of Mozart’s techniques appeared more brighter and brighter. Opera "The kidnapping from Seral" to him. It was written during the romantic relationship of Mozart with Konstanta Weber, who later became his wife despite the success of Mozart, his financial situation was not brilliant.

Leaving the organist’s place in Salzburg and using the meager generoes of the Viennese court, Mozart had to give lessons, compose counterdans, waltzes and even plays for wall watches with music, playing numerous concerts for piano at the Vienna aristocracy. In years, 6 famous string quartets were created, which Mozart dedicated to Joseph Gaydn, the master of this genre and which he accepted with the greatest reverence.

To the same time, its oratorio "Davide Penitente" is the repentant David. From the year, the unusually prolific and tireless activity of Mozart begins, which was the main reason for the disorder of his health. An example of the incredible speed of the composition is the opera “Marriage of Figaro”, written in the year at 6 weeks and nevertheless amazing the skill of the form, the perfection of the musical characteristics, inexhaustible inspiration.

In Vienna, “The Marriage of Figaro” passed almost unnoticed, but in Prague she caused extraordinary delight.Before the co-author of Mozart Lorenzo and Ponte to finish the libretto of “The Marriage of Figaro”, as he had to rush with the Don-Juan libretto, whom Mozart wrote for Prague, at the request of the composer. This is a great work that has no analogues in musical art, saw the light in Prague in Prague and was even greater success than the “marriage of Figaro”.

A much less success fell to this opera in Vienna, which was generally colder to Mozart than other centers of musical culture. The title of court composer, with a content in the Florin for a year, was a very modest reward for all the works of Mozart. Nevertheless, he was attached to Vienna, and when, in the year, visiting Berlin, he received an invitation to become at the head of the court chapel of Friedrich-Wilhelm II with a content of 3 thousand thalers, he still did not dare to leave Vienna.

However, many researchers of the life of Mozart claim that he was not offered a place at the Prussian court. Friedrich Wilhelm II only made an order for six simple piano sonatas for his daughter and six string quarters for himself. Mozart did not want to admit that the trip to Prussia had failed, and pretended to be invited by Friedrich Wilhelm II, but he refused the place out of respect for Joseph II.

The order received in Prussia gave his words the appearance of truth. There was little money proceeds during the trip. They were barely enough to pay the debt in the Guldenovs, which were taken from the brother of Mason Hofmedel for travel expenses. In the year, Mozart devoted a string quartet with a party with a party of the concert cello of the Major Party to the Prussian king. After the death of Emperor Joseph II, Mozart, the financial situation of Mozart turned out to be so hopeless that he was supposed to leave Vienna from the persecution of creditors and the artistic journey to correct his affairs at least a little.

Mozart’s last operates were “Cosi Fan Tutte”, whose excellent music is harmful to a weak libretto, “Mercy Titus”, which contains wonderful pages, despite the fact that it was written in 18 days, for the coronation of Emperor Leopold II, and finally, the “Magic Flute” for a colossal success that spread extremely quickly. This opera, in the old editions modestly called operetta, along with the “abduction from Seral” served as the basis for the independent development of the national German opera.

In the extensive and diverse activities of Mozart, the opera occupies the most prominent place. In May, Mozart entered the unpaid position of the assistant of the dropmaster of the Cathedral of St. Stefan, hoping to take the place of dropmaster after the death of a seriously sick Leopold Hofman; Hofman, however, survived him. The mystic by nature, Mozart worked a lot for the church, but he left the great samples in this area: except for “Misericordias Domini”-“Ave Verum Corpus” KV, the year and the majestic and the Mozart’s majestic Requiete, on which Mozart was tirelessly, with special love, worked in the last days of his life.

The story of the writing "Requiem" is interesting. Shortly before the death of Mozart, he visited a mysterious stranger in the entire gray and ordered him a “Requiem” of a mourning memorial mass. As the composer's biographers established, it was Count Franz von Valzegg-Shvends, who decided to give out a purchased essay for his own. Mozart plunged into work, but unkind forebodings did not leave him.

A mysterious stranger in a black mask, a “black man” is relentlessly in front of his eyes. He begins to seem to the composer that he writes this memorial mass for himself ... Work on an incomplete “Requiem”, to this day, stunning listeners with mournful lyricism and tragic expressiveness, was graduated from his student Franz Ksaver Zyusmeier, who previously took some part in the composition of the opera “Mercy of Titus”.

Since January of the year, an unprecedented rise has been outlined in Mozart’s work, which was the end of the creative decline of the year. Later, on April 16 and 17, this symphony was performed at charity concerts under the direction of Antonio Salieri. After a failed attempt to receive the appointment of a second dropmaster - Deputy Salieri, Mozart took a step in a different direction: in early May, he sent a petition to the Vienna City Magistrate with a request to appoint him to an unpaid position of the assistant capacity of the Cathedral Cathedral of St.

Stefan. The request was satisfied, and Mozart received this position. She granted him the right to become a capter after the death of a seriously ill capeter Leopold Hofman. Hofman, however, experienced Mozart. In March, the old acquaintance of Mozart, theater actor and impresario Emanuel Shichedir, director of his own theater “Auf Der Visit”, asked him to save his theater from decline and write to him the German “Opera for the people” for a fairy -tale plot.Presented in September in Prague, on the occasion of the coronation of Leopold II with the Czech king, the opera "Mercy of Titus" was accepted coldly; The Magic Flute, set in the same month in Vienna in the Prigorod Theater, on the contrary, was such a success that Mozart in the Austrian capital has not known for many years.

In the vast and diverse activities of Mozart, this opera-fairy tale occupies a special place. Mozart, like most of his contemporaries, also paid a lot of attention to spiritual music, but he left a little significant samples in this area: except “Misericordias Domini”-“Ave Verum Corpus” KV, a year written in the style of the KV, which Mozart worked on the last months of his life.

In July, Mozart visited a mysterious stranger in the gray and ordered him a “Requiem” of a mourning memorial mass. As the composer’s biographers established, it was the messenger of Count Franz von Valzegg-Shidpach, a musician who loved to perform other people's works in his palace, buying authorship from composers; The requiem he wanted to honor the memory of his late wife.

Work on an incomplete “requiem”, amazing his mournful lyricism and tragic expressiveness, was finished by his student Franz Ksaver Zyusmayer, who previously took some part in the composition of the opera “Mercy of Titus”. Over the past two years, I have met this true and best friend of a person so close that the image of death for me not only does not contain anything frightening, but, on the contrary, gives a lot of reassurance and comfort!

And I thank God for giving me happiness to understand death as a source of our genuine bliss. ”