Alexander Bella Biography

Alexander Bell - Biography Alexander Bell, a scientist inventor of Scottish descent, who became the founder of the telecommunications network in the United States and Canada. A modern person can hardly be surprised even the coolest scientific development, and after all, some years ago the appearance of a phone, seaplane and metal detector was perceived as an incredible sensation.

The author of these inventions was the Scot Alexander Bell, who set the vector of the development of telecommunications both in the United States and around the world.

Childhood and youth The full name of the scientist is Alexander Gruim Bell. He was born on March 3 in the Scottish city of Edinburgh, in a family of teachers of eloquence and speech therapists. His grandfather, also Alexander, in his youth, worked as a theater souffler, and then began to give lessons of oratory. The case turned out to be successful, and subsequently the man was able to open his own diction school in London.

Since then, teaching has become an integral part of the Belli family. The father of the inventor of the phone even released a treatise on the skill of eloquence. Alexander Bell, in his youth, Bell Jr. since childhood was surrounded by music, in the house they often discussed issues of culture and art. In adolescence, Alexander and his two brothers moved to his grandfather in the capital, where they began to study philosophy and medicine.

After graduating from the Edinburgh Royal Higher School, the future scientist began to live independently, settled by a teacher of oratory and music at the Weston House Academy. Having received expert knowledge in the field of physics of human speech and acoustics, Alexander began to assist his father, who at that time worked on his own methodology to improve pronunciation. The mother of the inventor had hearing problems, and all the development of the spouse was aimed at helping her.

Bell Sr. created a unique system “Visual speech”, where sounds were replaced by pictures and symbols that help a hearing impaired person to determine the facial expressions of the speech apparatus. For people who have experienced problems with the perception of sounds, it was serious help. As a result of the outbreak of tuberculosis, both brothers of the scientist died, after which the family moved to Canada in the year, and then to the USA.

In the States, they continued to teach oratory and engage in the invention of useful devices for the hearing impaired. Soon Alexander founded his school, where he taught colleagues a family methodology for the development of diction. Alexander Bell, in his youth, becoming an independent financially, Bell continued the experiments on the transmission of sounds through an electric wire.

He began to set these experiments in England, but was able to fully plunge into work only here. He opened a small laboratory where, in his free hours, he conducted research, the results of which became a real breakthrough in science. Among the volunteers who participated in the experiments of the father and son, there was the future wife of Alexander - Mabel Hubbard, as well as a small healing boy named Sanders.

The invention with the name "Phone" Alexander Bell first shown the invention in the year, as part of the World Scientific Exhibition in Philadelphia. In the same year, the novelty was patented, but then no one had taken it seriously. The exhibition participants considered the phone a funny, but impractical toy. Alexander Bell speaks on the invented telephone by that time Alexander had accumulated many debts, and in order to end the lack of money, he decided to sell his brainchild for thousands of dollars.

With a proposal, he turned to Western Union, but the management considered such a purchase a meaningless waste of money. Subsequently, businessmen recognized their mistake and offered the inventor a profitable contract. The first phone invented by Alexander Belll was the first phone model was far from perfect: the sound was distorted, and the range of the device did not exceed meters.

The creator constantly finalized his invention, achieving good sound quality and the ability to convey it over long distances. In winter, the scientist, together with the assistant, created a new apparatus - a photophone - capable of transmitting sounds through light. The metal detector of Alexander Bella next year Bell introduced an improved metal detector, the development of which began several years ago.

At the beginning of the century, the inventor showed the world another brainchild - a pyramidal air snake that could withstand the weight of a person. The Silver Drotik airplane in the year founded the “Association of Experimental Aeronautics”, at the head of which Alexander and his wife Mabel stood. Soon, the scientist built the Silver Drutik airplane, which soared into the sky on February 23.

In Canada, this date is considered to be the day of the foundation of aviation. John Nash Entrepreneurship at the end of X Bell may be familiar with negotiations with Western Union, and soon he and the companions became the owner of the united company Bell Company. The key part of the securities package went to Alexander Bell, while the cost of one share was 1 thousand dollars.Thanks to the activities of the new company, the beginning of telephone and the emergence of other telecommunication organizations was laid.

At the beginning of the century, 1.5 million telephone machines were installed in America, and only two years later their amount increased to 13 million. The founder of “Bell Company” Alexander Bell, the scientist understood that the future is for energetic, qualified people, therefore he provided serious assistance to promising specialists. He contributed to the receipt of patents for new inventions in the field of telephony, and for the proceeds was able to open the institute for training personnel.

Bell named this educational institution in honor of the famous Italian Alessandro Volta. In addition to scientific activity, Alexander was engaged in public work and gave a lot of effort charity. The fact that the inventor stood at the origins of the National Geographical Society, and was also the initiator of the creation of the National Geographic magazine, produced to this day, is well known.

Over time, the contribution of Bella to the development of science was highly appreciated throughout the world, and his company grew to a giant in the field of telecommunications, electronic systems and computer technology. Once, a genius said that someday people will be able to see each other during a telephone conversation. Then the scientist's words caused a smile, but now no one doubts his insight.

The company founded by scientists continues to work and actively develop, remaining true to the principles of its ingenious creator. Here, new items in the field of telecommunications are still invented, and recently they are actively developing such progressive directions as the study of DNA, space technologies and modern programming languages. The merits in medicine in early July were attempted by US President James Garfield, but he did not die immediately.

One of the bullets pierced the hand of the head of state, the second was stuck in the back. The president spent the last days in terrible torment, and even the best doctors could not alleviate his suffering. Upon learning of what happened, Bell immediately went to Boston, where he urgently continued to improve his metal detector. Initially, the device was created to detect rare -earth metals, but now with its help the scientist intended to find a bullet in the body of Garfield.

Arriving with the device in the White House, Alexander pretty scared the wounded, who was terrified with electric current. It was not possible to find a bullet - the device gave out a uniform squeak on the entire surface of the body. As it turned out later, the doctors neglected a request to put the president on the mattress without metal springs. The metal detector simply reacted to the metal frame of the bed.

James Garfield began to recover, but September 19 suddenly suddenly died. The stuck bullet had nothing to do with it: he died of infection brought by doctors. Without an X -ray apparatus, doctors examined the wounds with their hands, hence so sad. The metal detector of Alexander Bell used in medicine, however, the president’s death gave an impetus to the improvement of the metal detector, which was later widely used both in the mining industry and in medicine.

After the New York Conference, many surgeons became interested in the device and began to use it during operations. Before the invention of the X -ray, the metal detector became an excellent help when it was about extracting bullets and fragments of grenades from the bodies of wounded soldiers. One of Bella's sons died from pulmonary failure, and this tragedy pushed the scientist to the invention, which became the prototype of the apparatus of artificial ventilation of the lungs.

Personal life, the biography of Alexander Bella was closely related to teaching, even when he became a wealthy businessman. The scientist paid much attention to hearing impaired students, among whom he once met his future wife Mabel. Alexander Bell and his wife Mabel their acquaintance took place when the girl was only 15 years old. After waiting for her adulthood, the lovers organized the engagement, but there was no talk of the wedding yet.

Over the next two years, Bell saved money so that the bride’s parents were convinced of his wealth. Having evaluated the determination of the potential son -in -law, the father and mother blessed his daughter for marriage with the scientist. Judging by the surviving diaries and letters, the personal life of the spouses was happy. With her mother, Mabel wrote that every day her husband opens up to her from a new side.

The girl tirelessly cared for her husband, tried to feed him as tastier as possible. This is due or not, but a few years after the wedding, the scientist began to weigh almost a kilogram, which is 40 kg more than his usual weight. Alexander Bell and the family Honey Monthy spent happy lovers in Canada, in the picturesque place of Niagara Falls. Alexander often had to go on business trips, and separation from his wife brought a strong longing for him.

In the end, the inventor decided not to torment either himself or his beloved woman, starting to take her with him on all business trips.The only claim to Mabel to her husband was that he conducted all his studies exclusively at night. Until four o’clock in the morning, his wife was waiting for him in the bedroom, without closing his eyes. The genius tried to change his work schedule, but each time to no avail.

Alexander Bell and his wife in old age in the family were born four children - two boys and two girls, but both sons died in infancy. The couple worried this loss very difficult, but the wise Mabel tried to treat the grief philosophically. She said that the boys would forever remain in their hearts, trying to calm their spouse. The marriage of the teacher and his ward was long: in grief and in joy they lived almost half of the century.

Death in recent years by the scientist exhausted diabetes, and by the end of his life he was chained to bed. The inventor spent the days before his death in unconsciousness, having come to consciousness for only a few minutes. Opening his eyes, Bell saw his beloved wife near him, smiled, closed his eyes again and moved into another world. This happened on August 2, when summer Alexander was in his estate in New Scotland, Canada.

In order to pay tribute to the great scientist, on August 4 of the same year, telephones were turned off through the entire territory of the United States for exactly one minute. This gesture was supported by millions of citizens who, thanks to Alexander Bella, received a unique opportunity to talk to each other at any distance. Monuments to Alexander Bella in memory of the brilliant American of Scottish descent were shot, and his name was immortalized in dozens of new developments.

A little -known fact: in the oral decision of the American Congress, the Italian scientist Antonio Meuchchi was recognized as the inventor of the telephone, who, according to some researchers, came up with the device two years before Bell. Having not received a patent, Meuchchi died in complete poverty and confusion, and Glory went to more entrepreneurial Alexander.

Interesting facts when telephone conversations became more or less familiar, Bell suggested using the word “ahoy” as a greeting. Later it was transformed into “Hello”, which in the Russian version sounds like the usual “Hello! The creator of such serious inventions as a phone, airplane and a submarine, in a seriousness tried to teach his dog human speech.