In Demikhov, biography

Demikhov Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov Vladimir Petrovich - a man who was famous for the original, for the first time in the world experiments on the transplantation of vital organs. Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov was born on July 18 G. studied at the FZU at a repairman-repairman. In the city of Demikhov he entered the Moscow State University at the physiological department of the Faculty of Biology and began scientific activity very early.

During the war years, he performs the duties of a pathologist. Immediately after the war, he comes to the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Surgery. In the year, Demikhom for the first time in the world was successfully transplanted to the dog a second heart, and soon he was able to completely replace the heart-leg complex, which became a world sensation that was not even noticed in the USSR.

Two years later, he began experiments on the liver transplantation, and a few years later, for the first time in the world, he replaced the dog’s heart with a donor. This proved the possibility of such an operation on a person. The attention of the scientific community was attracted by Demikhov’s experiments on the homoplastic replacement of the heart and lungs. They were carried out in four stages - the preparation of the donor heart and the lungs for transplantation; preparation of the chest and vessels of the recipient; extracting the heart and lungs in the donor and transferring them to the chest of the recipient with maintaining artificial respiration in the transplant; The connection of the vessels of the transplant, shutdown and removal of your own heart.

The life expectancy of dogs after transplantation reached 16 hours. Demikhov, with the participation of his assistants, A. Fatin and V. Goryainov proposed in G. for this purpose the whole complex of internal organs of the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract along with blood and lymphatic systems was used. The next important achievement is the world's first mammar -coronary shunting - GG.

Coronar shunting is a complex surgical surgery that allows you to restore blood flow in the arteries of the heart by bypassing the narrowing site of the coronary vessel using shunts. Of considerable interest was aroused by the transplant of the dog’s head, which was carried out by Demikhov, along with Goryainov in the city of Demikhov, writes a dissertation on the topic of transplanting vital organs.

In it, he analyzes the results of his own experiments. They were amazing: dogs made up of two halves lived for several weeks. The defense was supposed to take place at the First Medical Institute, but the defense did not take place: the author was considered a fantazer, and his work - not worthy of attention. Demikhov developed a way of transplanting the head along with the front limbs from the puppy to the neck of an adult dog.

At the same time, the arc of the aorta of the puppy was connected to the carotid artery of the dog, and its upper hollow vein was connected with the jugular vein of the dog. As a result, blood circulation was completely restored in the transplanted head, it retained its functions and all inherent reflexes. At the same time, he made a total substitution of blood in dogs, sheep and pigs with a human cadaveric - with the aim of antigenic rapprochement of these animals with a person.

After that, he connected to their blood system the cadaveric hearts of a person. According to this technique, Demikhov managed to revive the cadaveric hearts of a person 2.5 - 6 hours after death and support them in a functioning state for a long period of time. The best results were obtained when using a pig as an intermediate host. Thus, the Demikhov Bank for living bodies was first created.

One can only be amazed at the stamina of Vladimir Petrovich, who continued to experiment, despite the fact that countless commissions were appointed during the period of the intense scientific research, the purpose of which was to prove the unnecessary experiments and close the laboratory. Only in the year Demikhov, and on one day, was able to defend two dissertations at once candidate and doctoral.

The laboratory under the leadership of Demikhov worked before G. developed methods for transplanting the head, liver, adrenal glands with a kidney, esophagus, limbs. The results of these experiments were published in scientific journals. Demikhov's works received international recognition. He was awarded the title of Honorary Doctor of Medicine of the University of Leipzig, an honorary member of the Royal Scientific Society of Sweden, as well as the University of Hanno, the American clinic of the Meyo brothers.

He is the owner of honorary diplomas of scientific organizations around the world. And in our country - only the laureate of the "departmental" award named after N. Demikhov died in obscurity and poverty. The merit that brought this belated recognition was most likely the development of aorto-coronary bypass. Network Encyclopedia "Famous Scientists" Biographical Data of Scientists and Specialists - a project of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.