Message Trotsky biography

Born on November 7, his father was a large landowner with an arbiter, a grain merchant. The real name is Leiba Bronstein. He studied at the Jewish religious school - Heder, in the city of higher education did not. Life and revolutionary activity to the city from the middle of the xg. He wrote leaflets, performed at rallies, participated in the publication of the underground newspaper.

In the city, he served as a clerk at the merchant, then collaborated in the Irkutsk newspaper East Review. In August, during the escape, he used a fake passport, where he entered the surname of the Odessa Odessa prison Trotsky, which later became a pseudonym. In gg. In London, he met one of the leaders of Russian Social Democrats Vladimir Lenin Ulyanov, who invited him to cooperate in the Iskra newspaper.

In July-August G., during the split in the party, he opposed Lenin, accusing him of an effort to establish a “barracks regime” among the party members, and joined the Mensheviks. However, he later took an non -confraction position. In February, in October-December G. He was the editor of the print body of the Council - the newspaper Izvestia. In December, in conclusion, he formulated the theory of the "permanent revolution", developed with Alexander Parvus Gelfand.

According to her, "the socialist revolution begins in the national arena, develops on the international and ends on the world." According to the theory of Trotsky, in Russia the proletariat, "having taken power, will not be able to limit itself to the bourgeois framework of the revolution" and "will come into a hostile clash not only with all groups of the bourgeoisie ...

but also with the broad masses of the peasantry." At the end of G. Trotsky was sentenced to an eternal settlement in Siberia and deprived of all civil rights. During the First World War, he lived in Switzerland and France, in the city of January, he welcomed the February revolution of G. in Russia in the city of Lev Trotsky returned to Russia. In Petrograd, he joined the inter-fractional group of Social Democrats "Interdistrict", became a member of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Council of Workers and Soldiers' Deputies.

In April G. In June, in July, from October 8, on October 25, from October 25, he played a leading role in the preparation and holding of armed seizure of power in Petrograd on November on November October, he became part of the First Government of the Bolsheviks - the Council of People's Commissars, supported Lenin in the struggle against supporters of the creation of a coalist office from representatives of all socialist parties.

From the first days of Soviet power, he advocated the establishment of a one -party dictatorship, a ban on the media uncontrolled by the Bolsheviks, a mass terror against political opponents and disloyal groups of the population. In the Soviet government, on November 8, October 26, the Bolshevik government by the Entente states, the military -political block of the Russian Allies in the First World War - the UK - Britain, France and others, pursued a policy of delaying negotiations in the hope of the beginning of the "world revolution", which led to a sharp tightening of German requirements.

He put forward the formula "we stop the war, the army is demobilized, but we do not sign peace." Trotsky’s actions led to disorganization on the fronts and contributed to the success of the German offensive on February 18. Since March 14, at the same time on September 2, he was the organizer of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, contributed to the introduction of universal military service, the abolition of the election of commanders, formed the Institute of Political Commissars in units, and repressive measures introduced tough discipline in the troops.

At the initiative of Trotsky, the Red Army began to massively attract officers of the former imperial army of the military. At the same time, in order to achieve their loyalty, on September 5, since March 25, in March - December, one of the theorists of “military communism”, a supporter of the militarization of trade unions, believed that industrialization in the RSFSR should be founded on the system of coercive labor of labor armies and the high -grade compulsory collectivization of the peasantry.

In March, he was a member of his executive committee, in gg. Since July 7, the leader of the opposition after the death of Lenin in January G. however, during the Inter -Party struggle, lost to Joseph Stalin Dzhugashvili. Since May, also from May in October, the XV Congress of the CPSU B in December, Trotsky was sent to exile in Alma-Ata. In January, the last emigration in the c. He conducted active political and journalistic activities, published the magazine "Bulletin of the Opposition of the Bolsheviks-Lenins." In his books, articles and performances of the period of emigration, he in absentia polemicized with Stalin, calling him a "traitor of the ideas of October", called for a revolution in the USSR and the overthrow of the "bureaucratic caste." Mexico City, Mexico was fired from automatic weapons.

Trotsky himself was not injured. A group of terrorists was headed by a Mexican artist, communist Jose Alfaro Sikeros.

The awards, the main works were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the books "Terrorism and Communism", "Permanent Revolution", "History of the Russian Revolution", "My Life.The experience of autobiography ”,“ The Stalin School of Falsifications: amendments and additions to the literature of epigones ”and others. The family with G. had four children: two daughters from the first marriage and two sons from the second.

The eldest daughter of Trotsky Zinaida Volkova, committed suicide, the youngest - Nina Nevelson - died of tuberculosis. The eldest son, Lev Sedov, was an active Trotskyist and his father’s right hand in exile, died in Paris after surgery for appendicitis, according to other information - he was poisoned by agents of the Soviet intelligence services. The youngest son, Sergey Sedov, negatively treated his father’s political activity, left the house.