Childhood Yevtushenko Biography

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. Reader, speaker, actor and author of hundreds of famous verses and scenarios. The publicist and public figure, who until the last days was the true patriot of his homeland. In the photo: Evgeny Yevtushenko, his poem “Babi Yar” is still shocking his realism, and the Italian prize of Giovanni Bokaccio was awarded the political novel “Do not die later”, which is also called the “Russian fairy tale”.

Childhood, youth, family Yevgeny Yevtushenko was born in the summer of the year in Nizhneudinsk Irkutsk region. Almost after birth, the family moved to the winter station, which was located nearby. The father of a newborn boy was a little-known poet and geologist with the German-Latvian surname Gangnus. His name was Alexander Rudolfovich.

The German surname got him from his mother. Evgeny Yevtushenko in childhood when Eugene turned a year, the whole family moved to Moscow, to his grandfather, Latvu Rudolf Wilhelmovich, respected mathematics and teacher, to his apartment on the 4th Meshchanskaya Street. Evgeny Yevtushenko with her parents Mama of the boy, Zinaida Evtushenko, Zinaida Evtushenko, was a geologist for some time, then she became an actress of the front -line brigade, she was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR.

Evgeny Yevtushenko with his mother, grandmother and great -grandmother's children's years of Zhenya passed through books. He could listen to dad for hours, who knew many historical facts and told his son instead of fairy tales of history about the Spanish Inquisition and the fall of Babylon. Even before entering school, Zhenya with his help learned to write and managed to read all the books that stood at home on the shelves: Alexander Dumas and Miguel Cervantes, Herbert Wells and Gustav Flobert.

At the age of 7, Eugene wrote the first poem: I woke up in the morning of early thought: who should I be? I wanted to become a pirate, rob the ships. With cruel life realities, the future poet first encountered at the beginning of X - the war began. He, along with his grandmother, Maria Iosifovaya, was evacuated to the winter station, where he lived with relatives for up to a year, studied at school, and his comrades performed before the patients of the military hospital.

Already in those years, he attempted to write an autobiography novel. When the grandmother found out about what was happening, she picked up a rolling pin and went to school. Zinaida Ermolaevna, by the way, was at that time with tour at the front, after which she had a typhoid. He described this story in detail in the poem “Mom and a neutron bomb”. After this conflict, grandmother Zhenya realized that her grandson would be difficult with the surname Gangnus in wartime.

Therefore, when in the year they returned to Moscow, the name of Eugene in the documents was changed to the maiden name of Zinaida - Yevtushenko. Also, the boy was “reduced” for one year so that he did not have to receive the pass from the age of 12. Therefore, the poet’s passport was listed. The most powerful impression of that time Yevtushenko called the passage of the Germans captured near Stalingrad along their street.

During this action, Russian soldiers encouraged them from women standing on the sidelines, fearing that they would rush to beat them. However, seeing the soldiers walking along the street in an inconceivable rag, the eternal female compassion worked for the wives of the front -line soldiers. Women remembered their own husbands and sons - pity woke up in each of them, and they began to get the products and poke them into their hands with prisoners.

At that time, Zhenya was already at a completely conscious age, so this scene shocked him greatly. At school, the boy did not study too well, but he was quite enthusiastically engaged in the poetic studio of the local house of pioneers. In the year, Yevtushenko was expelled from school for an allegedly burned magazine with marks. He made the first attempts to publish in the “Young Guard” but the first publication will take place only a year later - this will be the poem “Two Sports” in the thematic publication “Soviet Sport”.

At the time when Eugene left school, his father had already left his family, falling in love with another woman. However, this did not prevent him from taking care of his son further. After several unsuccessful attempts to arrange Zhenya to another school, his father sent him to Kazakhstan for geological intelligence to his friends. Evgeny Yevtushenko, in his youth, the mother of Zhenya, Zinaida Ermolaevna was glad to communicate her son with her father, despite the offense at her husband.

She sent him letters with the first verses of her son, kept all the manuscripts. For her part, my mother was a bridge in great art, to which Eugene was introduced. A musically educated woman invited guests to the house whose names the whole country knew. Yevtushenko grew comprehensively erudite, but soon poetry became the main thing for him. When he, a summer guy, saw his verse “Two Sports” in the newspaper, there was no limit to delight: I bought pieces of fifty copies, how much was in a kiosk, and distributed to everyone on the street.

This is the first time I saw my poems printed. I received three hundred and fifty rubles for the first poem ... My mother received seven hundred rubles a month.Poetry and prose The formation of a writer in the year, after the experience of a geological expedition in Altai, participation in the second All -Union meeting of young writers, the release of the first poetic collection “Scouts of the Coming” and even the first attacks from literary critics, Yevtushenko entered the Literary Institute named after Maxim Gorky.

Here he experimented with translations from the Ossetian language and became friends with Robert Rozhdestvensky. Yevtushenko traveled a lot around Georgia and was captured by this beautiful country. Evgeny Yevtushenko in his youth at the beginning of X in the country began a poetic boom. The famous Polytech froze when the poets went on stage. Then Yevtushenko read his poems.

The youngest and oldest Nikolai Teleshov members of the Writers' Union in the last year Eugene was excluded from the institute marked with “disciplinary sanctions” and for recognizing the novel “Not by Bread” by Vladimir Dudintsev, who criticizes the Soviet bureaucratic system. Evgeny Yevtushenko and Robert Rozhdestvensky at the same time Eugene had several new collections that were seized in bookstores as soon as they got there.

Among them, “Third Snow” and “Promise”, “Poems of different years” and “Yabloko” Yevgeny Yevtushenko in X in the year, Yevtushenko wrote the main poem of that period called “The Best of the Generation” - it was dedicated to the sixties. Then fate brought him closely with Bulat Okudzhava - Yevtushenko helped him with the publication of a collection of poems.

Evtushenko paid more and more attention to the translations of poetry of poets of Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the summer, he played a wedding with Bella Akhmadulina. Yevtushenko supported Brodsky, Solzhenitsyn and Daniel, who was at that time political persecution. However, despite the politics and opposition of creativity, Eugene had already read out the verses of Eugene.

The reaction of his work caused a rather contradictory - the poet was criticized, praised and scolded at the same time. One way or another, the mood palette hidden in Yevtushenko’s poems did not leave anyone indifferent. Evgeny Yevtushenko reads the verse “I like it when I like someone” he traveled a lot to the USA, the countries of Europe and Africa, especially after breaking up with Akhmadulina, and the trip to Ukraine inspired him to create the tragic poem “Babi Yar”, which was criticized by many party figures, including Nikita Khrushchev, but laid the beginning Soviet society.

Evgeny Yevtushenko and the American classic Robert Frost at the beginning of X, as a correspondent of the Pravda newspaper, visited Cuba: he met the leaders of the Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, began to cooperate with Cuban colleagues and first translated their poems into Russian. Evgeny Yevtushenko on the cover of Time magazine, the year of Yevgeny Yevtushenko’s work received a new round-it was then that his famous manifesto works that caused the stormy reaction of society were written: “The Heirs of Stalin”, “Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station”, “Ballad of Praxure” and others.

The poet’s working office in March, according to the “ordering” of Khrushchev, in society begins to persecute a number of writers, including Yevtushenko. On his book “Premature Autobiography”, about a thousand custom negative reviews and the massive book “Where does Khlestakovshchina lead? Evgeny Yevtushenko: “While the killers are walking on the ground” The response to the persecution was Yevtushenko’s journey to Siberia.

He wrote a series of “Pechora” poems, personally saw the construction of a fraternal hydroelectric power station and began to write a poem about it, visited the winter, where he spent the war years. Young Evgeny Yevtushenko. The photo in the color in April of the year Yuri Gagarin, personally familiar with Yevtushenko, invited the poet for the evening in honor of April 12 to the star town, read something from his work.

In the presence of Yevtushenko, the general sitting next to Gagarin was indignant and demanded to cancel the performance of the disgraced poet. The intercession of Gagarin did not help. Harmered, Yevtushenko ran out of the building, into a downpour. They found him in the central house of writers: Eugene sat, squeezed leaflets with poems, jammed vodka and cried sobbing.

Yevtushenko was familiar with Gagarin in the year, after the introduction of Soviet tanks to Prague, Yevtushenko creates the poem “Tanks walk in Prague”. Because of this, he was deprived of the main role in Eldar Ryazanov’s film “Sirano de Bergerak”, and the production of the film was stopped. Yevtushenko went on a trip to South America, on his return he went to Baikal, then to Vietnam.

Despite the persecution, Yevtushenko’s name, along with the names of Rozhdestvensky, Akhmadulina, Okudzhava, became a symbol of the thaw. The first persons of the country and artists met with him with pleasure. The meeting with Richard Nixon works by Yevtushenko, he is awarded the sign of Honor, but the author’s evening, which was supposed to show on central television, was still canceled.

At this time, he meets the translator Jen Batler, Irish, the future wife.Subsequently, he spent a lot of time in Britain, their sons Alexander and Anton were born in London. In X Yevtushenko, he was seriously carried away by a photograph by the first novel by him was released in the year, he was called “berry places” and was dedicated to Russian life and the search for a person’s place in history.

Perestroika when perestroika struck, Yevtushenko supported the change, entered the society supporting the perestroika of the writers April, was actively printed, and played at the anti -core forum. The performance at the Congress of People's Deputies in the year begins to come out poems by the poet, previously not published due to censorship. He promoted the motto “Politics - the privilege of all” in this name his autobiography will be released, proposed to erect a memorial to people who suffered from the Soviet tradition of the personality cult.

Evgeny Yevtushenko at a rally in Moscow 4. A new time in the year, the poet concluded a contract with the American University in Oklahom and left for the United States with his family to teach. Evgeny Yevtushenko, surrounded by American students, the poet often returned to Russia to communicate with colleagues and presentation of new books. In the mid -nineties, the second collection saw the light - "Do not die before death." Its main topic was the joy of other people's troubles, nurtured by Stalinism.

Eugene expressed his position against political hostility, noting that "we will be able to become Europe." Cinema and music The famous Thirteenth Symphony Dmitry Shostakovich appeared after reading to him by Yevtushenko’s poem “Babi Yar”, translated into 75 languages ​​of the world. The whole country sang “and the snow goes”, “Motherland” and “when the bells call” were performed on amateur scenes.

Evgeny Yevtushenko: “White Snegles are going on” the decision of Savva Kulisha, who invited the “take -off” of not a professional actor to the main role, but Yevgeny Yevtushenko, who had no appropriate experience, was non -standard. However, according to the audience, the poet quite clearly realized the role of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. The work of Eugene was awarded the Prize of the Moscow Film Festival.

The frame from the film “I am Cuba” at the end of X a documentary about Yevtushenko, who at that moment living in London, was shot by British directors.