Fritz Haber Biography

Indicate the personnel of the person Fritz Gaber German.

It is inventing chemical weapons. Gaber, together with Max Born, proposed the Borna-Gaber cycle as a method for assessing the energy of a crystal lattice of solid substances formed by ionic connections. Gabera is called the “father of chemical weapons” for his work in the development and use of chlorine and other poisonous gases during the First World War. His Jewish family was one of the oldest in the city.

Gaber's mother died during childbirth. His father was a famous businessman in the city. From the year, Gaber studied at Headelberg University under the leadership of Robert Bunsen, at the University of Berlin now named after Humboldt in the August group Wilhelm Hoffmann and at the Charlotenburg Technical College of the Berlin Technical University of the leadership of Karl Lieberman.

In the year, Gaber married Clara Immervar. Clara was also a chemist and was categorically against Gaber's work in the field of chemical weapons. Despite the fact that Clara was a talented chemist, Fritz believed that, as a worthy German wife, she should leave a scientific career and engage exclusively with the family. As a result of one of the disputes with her husband on this subject, she committed suicide, shooting her heart.

Their son, German, also committed suicide in the year. The grandson is an American historian Fritz Stern. The process of Gaber - Bosha and the Nobel Prize during stay at the University of Karlsruhe Cu for years, he and Karl Bosch developed the Habera process, in which ammonia is formed from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen in conditions of high temperatures and high pressure, as well as in the presence of a catalyst.

In the year, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work. The process of Gaber - Bosha has become an important milestone in industrial chemistry, since he made the production of nitrogen fertilizers, explosives and chemical raw materials independent of natural deposits, especially from the deposits of sodium nitrate, the fossil Chilean nitrate, for which Chile was the main and almost the only manufacturer.

The sudden accessibility of cheap nitrogen fertilizers is believed to prevent the Maltese danger in industrial societies of Europe and America in the 20th century. The volumes of nitrates in chili fell with 2. Gaber also engaged in combustion reactions, release gold from sea water, adsorption effects, electrochemistry and free radical studies, see the panton reaction.

Most of his work with the years was performed at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Kaiser Wilhelm now Institute. Fritz Gabera of the Scientific Society. Max Planck in the quarter Dahl in Berlin. The name Fritz Gaber received the institute in the year. The First World War Gaber played a key role in the development of chemical weapons during the First World War.

Soon after the outbreak of war, he headed the chemical department of the military ministry. Part of his work included the development of gas masks with adsorbing filters. In addition to the fact that Gaber led groups that developed the use of chlorine and other deadly gases of trench warfare, he was always ready to personally assist in their use, despite their ban, the Hague Convention, under which Germany put its signature.

During the First World War, the gas war was also a war of chemists, where Gaber opposed the French Nobel Laureate - chemist Viktor Grienyar. Talking about the war and the world, Gaber once said: "During peacetime, the scientist belongs to the world, but during the war he belongs to his country." She fired in her pistol belonging to him. Due to the lost documents, this cannot be said with accuracy, but most likely it made such a decision due to the fact that Gaber personally controlled the first successful use of chlorine during the second battle under the IPRA on April 22.

Already on May 15, Gaber went to the Eastern Front. Gaber was a patriot of Germany and was proud of his help to the country during the First World War, for which Kaiser appropriated the rank of captain, who was not subject to military service by age. In his works on the effects performed by poisoning gases, Gaber noted that a long effect of low concentrations on a person always has the same effect of death as the effect of high concentrations, but for a short time.

He formulated a simple mathematical ratio between the concentration of gas and the necessary exposure time. This ratio is usually known to Gaber. Gaber defended chemical weapons from accusations that its use is inhuman, saying that death was death, regardless of what is its cause. In the 10ths, German scientists who worked at its institute created a cyclone b poisonous substance based on synical acid applied to a porous inert medium.

Subsequently, the German Nazis used Cyclone B to poison the prisoners in the gas chambers of Auschwitz and other death camps.The interwar period in the 10th years Gaber stubbornly searched for the method of excretion of gold from sea water and published several scientific articles on this topic. Nevertheless, after many years of research, he came to the conclusion that the concentration of gold dissolved in sea water is much lower than reported in the works of its predecessors, and that the release of gold from sea water is economically unprofitable.

Gaber left Germany in the year. The work for which Gaber was awarded the Nobel Prize in the field of chemistry and a significant contribution to the development of German weapons and science in the form of explosives, poisonous gases and chemical fertilizers did not protect his relatives from Nazi persecution. Gaber moved to the UK, to Cambridge, along with his assistant Joseph Weiss for several months.

Gaber accepted this proposal. He began his journey to Palestine in January, after he survived the heart attack, but died of heart stop at the hotel in Basel, where he stopped along the way, on January 29, at the age of 65. The body of Fritz Gaber was cremated and the ashes were buried with his wife’s ashes in the Hornley cemetery in Basel. He bequeathed his vast private library of the Zifa Institute.

Gaber's family also left Germany. His second wife Charlotte with two children settled in England. The son of Gaber from his first marriage German worked with his father and at the Swiss Higher Technical School Zurich along with George Lang, and then began his own scientific career. During the Second World War, he emigrated to the United States and committed suicide there. Gaber's relatives died in German death camps.

Poisonous Cloud became a famous historian of chemical weapons and its use during the First World War. Gaber’s criticism often criticized for participation in the development of chemical weapons in Germany before the outbreak of World War II, both colleagues and modern scientists. Assessments of the results of his scientific work are ambiguous: on the one hand, the development of the process of ammonia synthesis for the manufacture of explosives and the creation of poisonous gases and methods of their use in the war.

On the other hand, if humanity did not recognize the terrible consequences of the use of chemical weapons, there would be no prohibitions on it, and by the word humanity, perhaps completely different things would be understood. The total production of fertilizers based on synthesized ammonia is more than millions of tons per year. Half of the world's population is fed with products grown using fertilizers obtained using the Habera-Besh process.

The image in the works of art in the theater and cinema is an artistic reflection of the life of Gaber and, in particular, his many years of friendship with Albert Einstein, you can find Tissen Verne “Gift Einstein” by Tisen as a tragic character, who overcomes the obstacles assigned to him fate, trying to get away from his Jewish origin And the terrible consequences of their scientific research.

This is followed by a description of one of them from the official site: bread from the air, gold from the sea English. Fritz Gaber came up with a way of producing nitrogen compounds from the air. These compounds have two main applications: fertilizers and explosives. His achievements allowed Germany to produce huge amounts of ammunition. The second part of the name refers to the method of obtaining gold from sea water.

It worked, but did not pay off. From the point of view of a biographer, there are few people with a more interesting life in the world than that of Gaber. He made Germany’s agriculture independent of Chilean sodium nitrate during the Great War. He received the Nobel Prize in chemistry, although there were attempts to deprive him of this award for his work on the creation of chemical weapons.

He rightly emphasized that the majority of Nobel's money was earned on weapons and waging wars. After Hitler came to power, the government forced Gaber to abandon the rank of professor and all his works, since he was a Jew. The second production was called “universal good” and was first shown on October 23. Its director was Celia de Wolf, and the author of the script was Justin Hopper.

The role of Gaber was played by Anton Lesser. This performance shows the work of Gaber on chemical weapons during the First World War and the influence that this work had on his wife Clara Actress Leslie Sharp. Clara's suicide was hidden from public opinion. In the year, a small film “Gaber” was released about the decision of Gaber to take up the development of chemical weapons, and about his relationship with his wife.

Screenwriter and director Daniel Ragussis. Einstein and Eddington. " Director Philip Martin. Fritz Gaber appears in a number of episodes. His meeting with Einstein and critic Einstein is shown by the use of poisonous gas, developed with the participation of Gaber, in the First World War. The memory of January 22 of the year, the International Astronomical Union appropriated the name of Fritz Gaber Crater on the back of the moon.

Links biography of F. Gaber in the Electronic Library "Science and Technique" Information from the website of the Nobel Committee English.Gaber Fritz is an article from the electronic Jewish encyclopedia “Fritz Gaber - a genius or villain” Blog ISVINIAUS. Retrieved January 22 photographs from the life of Fritz Gaber English. The synthesis of ammonia from the constituent elements of English.

The synthesis of ammonia from its elements - Nobel lecture on June 2 of the year English. Bretislav Friedrich English. Bretislav Friedrich: Brief biography of Fritz Gaber English. Leonid Mininberg: "Biographies of famous Jews, the names of which are called the streets of the city." The biographical film about Fritz Gaberer English is archived from the original source on August 21.

Pull -up, but truthful "Discovery Source: Wikipedia.