Biography of Raphael Pictures

Latest news biography Italian artist of the Renaissance, brilliant schedule and master of architectural decisions, Rafael Santi absorbed the experience of the Umbrian school of painting. In the tolerance of the Creator, as in the mirror, the ideals of the Renaissance were reflected. The world became kinder and cleaner when the eyes of the Rafaele Madonnas - Sistine, converse, Pasadinskaya, Orleans looked at him.

After centuries, admirers of the Italian talent come to Italy to admire the lyricism and tenderness of his work. The childhood and youth of the painter was born in the spring of the year in the thousandth town of Urbino. Giovanni Santi's father worked as a court artist of the Duke Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, the patron saint of the arts, the mother of Marji Charla raised her son and led her household.

The Rafael family had the means to pay for the nurse, but Giovanni insisted that his wife feed the baby on her own. Already in childhood, Rafael showed painting ability. The father noticed this when he took the boy to the castle where the masters worked, masterfully owned a brush, the duke greeted art, highlighting the artists. Paolo Chohllo, Luke Signoorelli - the names of the painters, known to every Italian.

They created portraits of the Duke and his relatives, painted the palace walls. Behind the brush of the masters, the eyes of young Raphael were closely watched. Soon Santi realized that his son would leave him in the shadow of him and Ochello with Sinoorelli. The departure of the most dear person left a mark in the creative biography of the painter. His Madonnas and portraits of beloved women seem to be shining with maternal love, who is undertaken by the artist in childhood.

Soon the stepmother Bernardin appeared in the house, for whom her husband’s son was a stranger's child. And at the age of 12, the artist remained a round orphan. Even then, the teenager showed an amazing talent, and he was determined in the artist Pietro Perugino's artist's workshop. The painter taught the boy as long as the sophisticated experts stopped distinguishing copies of Raphael from Perujino's paintings.

Santi, like a sponge, absorbed the experience of teachers and left behind all students, while not entering and was friends with them. This is an unfinished miniature, which Rafael did not have time to complete because of moving to Florence. Its second name is “Madonna with a book”. The Mother of God sadly looks at the smiling baby, who took his hand in the book of allegedly sacred scripture.

Painting in the year of the summer Italian found himself in Florence: the young painter moved to the cradle of revival after Perujino. The move has a beneficial effect on the career and skill of the young man - the teacher introduced Raphael to eminent painters, sculptors and architects. In the city on the shores of Arno Santi met Leonardo da Vinci. We know about the lost picture of the ingenious Leonardo “Leda and Swan” thanks to the pattern of Santi.

The year of moving to Florence was marked by the writing of several early masterpieces by Raphael. In Florence appeared “Three Graces”.

On this canvas, which is now stored in the Museum of the French city of Chantili, the goddesses of innocence, beauty and love, holding the golden balls - symbols of perfection are depicted. It is stored in the Florence Gallery of Uffizi. According to the X -ray, the scientists determined that the upper layer was applied a century after Santi painted the picture. Art historians agree that the artist of Carlo Dolchi, the owner of the canvas, inflicted the dark background, as he considered him the appropriate religious canons.

In the early canvases of Santi, the influence of the teacher is traced, but after years the artist began to demonstrate the author's style. With the growth of popularity, the Italian began to receive many orders for writing images of saints: the paintings “The Holy Family of the Madonna with a Bezborodi Joseph”, “Holy Catherine Alexandria” and others were born. In the same period, Rafael wrote a self -portrait, which became one of the most famous paintings of the Creator.

Since the year, the painter lived in Rome, where Pope Julius II invited Urbin. A priest who had heard about a young man called Santi to paint the stanits - the ceremonial premises of the Vatican Palace. Seeing the sketch of the frescoes of Rafael, Julius II was so delighted that he gave the painter all the surfaces, ordering to remove old drawings. From a year until the day of the death of Santi remained in the eternal city, painting the rooms.

The stanns of Rafael are four halls with a size of 6 by 9 meters, each of which four fresco compositions. The artist was helped by students, one fresco was made after the death of the painter according to his sketches. The most famous Stanza is the “Athenian School” The second name is “Philosophical Conversations”. On it, Santi placed 50 figures of philosophers, in the guise of which the faces of the artists and thinkers of Italy Plato are recognized with da Vinci, Hercitel looks like Michelangelo.

Like many Renaissance creators, Raphael understood architecture. In the year, after the death of Bramante, the Italian took the place of the chief architect of the St. Peter's Cathedral under construction. And a year earlier, from the pope of Leo X, the painter received the title of first archaeologist of ancient Rome, which was conducting control of excavations, filling the Vatican collections with ancient heritage objects, and compiling a map of the eternal city.Since the year, Urbinets held the position of commissar for antiquities in the Vatican.

In Rome, Rafael continued the Madonna Gallery. They are also touching, and the charm of motherhood shines through in the eyes, hands, every line of clothes. But in the Roman Gallery of Madonnas, the painter’s author’s handwriting, individuality, is already visible with babies. The faces of women are sensual, in their eyes anxiety for the child. The landscape compositions are complicated in the background, introducing semantic shades into the picture.

On the canvas, Maria descends from the clouds with a baby, whose gaze is not childishly serious. At the bottom of the canvas are two angels near the grave cover. Rafael wrote not only paintings of religious themes, the painter is also known as a portraitist. In the famous work “Portrait of Pope Julia II”, the priest’s gaze and face were surprisingly realistically written out.

The portrait is interesting in that it is multi -layered and has been finalized more than once. In the original plan, a dog was depicted on the canvas, then a unicorn appeared. The artist appreciated his personal life during his lifetime: the patrons, not wanting the masters to lure the French, generously paid for his work. Rafael had an antique style mansion built on the author’s project.

The merchants and dukes dreamed to marry a daughter for a famous painter, but a thin connoisseur of female beauty kept steadily. Cardinal Bibbien, who wanted to relax with Santi, achieved the engagement of Rafael with his niece, but Maestro refused at the last moment. According to many sources, a lady who was able to conquer the heart of the summer Raphael was the daughter of a bakery, who was nicknamed Fornarin “bun, dumplings”.

Rafael Santi paid 50 gold bakery so that his daughter posed to him, so carried away by the young beauty that he bought from his father for 3 thousand coins. Embed from getty images Rafael Santi and Fornarin for six years Margarita was the muse of an artist who inspired the masterpieces and constituted the happiness of his personal life. Researchers discovered on the hand of the model a ring with a ruby, which was called engagement.

The marriage status of the model also testified to jewelry in their hair. After the death of Rafael, the daughter of the bakery, having inherited the house and maintenance, refused everything and went to the monastery. In the records of the monastery, Margarita is listed as the widow of the painter. Death the cause of the death of the artist is unknown. According to the contemporary of Raphael, the painter and writer Vasari, the death of the summer maestro became the result of revealing.

After a turbulent night, Santi returned home and complained about malaise. The doctor made bloodletting, which worsened the patient's condition, and he died. The second version says about the cold that Rafael picked up in funeral galleries, where he participated in excavations. The artist died on April 6. The place of the last shelter was the tomb in the Roman pantheon, but the exact location of the burial remained unknown.

Only in m, with the permission of Pope, Gregory XVI, opened the slab - for such a significant ceremony, various famous people were invited, including the Russian artist Karl Bryullov. After the remains of the Urbin, they moved to the sarcophagus, and on the stove that covered him, they engraved the epitaph: "The great Raphael rests here, during which nature was afraid to be defeated, and after his death she was afraid to die." Copies were made by a group of artists who went to Rome specifically for this, painted on the canvases, after which the canvases were transported to St.

Petersburg. At the end of the XIX century, in Russia, a service was released at the Imperial Porcelain Plant for the Letter of the painter, painted by scenes from the Rafaele Lodge. After the death of the artist, there were many of his followers. Despite the fact that the artist’s exhibitions were held in the world back in the 20th century, in Russia the first large -scale exposition of Rafael's creations took place in the metro station from Italy, 8 paintings and 3 drawings of the Urbinsy were taken from Italy.

In m, the film “Raphael. Prince of art ”director Luke Viotto, in which Flavio Parenti got the role of the artist. Interesting facts Fedor Dostoevsky admitted that the “Sistine Madonna” became a special for him: “No picture has yet made such an impression on me as this.” Young Anton Chekhov was also familiar with the creation of Raphael - however, not with the original, but with a copy.

The canvas was given by the gymnasium in which the future author of the Three Sisters, the Taganrog landowner studied, after which the picture was placed in the assembly hall, where the gymnasium students, including Chekhov, passed the exams. The direction in British poetry and painting - pre -Raphaelitis, which arose in the middle of the 19th century, demonstrated a conceptual orientation by its name - equal to the samples of the early Italian Renaissance, that is, the period “to Raphael”.

For the comedy western, Alla Surikova “Man from the Kapucin Boulevard” created an original post -parody, parody of the “Sistine Madonna”. In the place of the Virgin Mary, the hero Andrei Mironov appeared, holding a film apparatus in his hands, in the places of St. Barbara and St. Sikst - the characters of Alexandra Yakovleva and Nikolai Karachentsov.In the house of the master in Urbino, which is now called the "House Museum of Rafael Santi", the early work of the painter "Madonna from the House of Santi" is exhibited.

Art historians are not sure that Rafael painted the canvas: there is an opinion that it belongs to the brush of his father, who depicted his wife with a little son. In the picture, the Madonna is turned to the viewer with a profile, the eyes are fixed on the book, hands gently touched the son. The work dates from the year. At the heart of the Media-Ninja Media Franchizes, based on a comic book series, four main characters-mutant turtles-receive from their mentor, the rat of Splinter, who taught them the ninjutsu art, the names of the creators of the Italian Renaissance: Donatello, Raphael, Leonardo and Michelangelo.