Derzhavin biography Monument

Derzhavin Gabriel, even after centuries, his best odes, despite the presence of Latin-German rhetoric, so weighing the Russian syllable of that time, amaze with rhythmic power, melody of sounds, and the power of images. The childhood and youth of Gabriel Derzhavin Gabriel or, as he was more often called, Gavrila Derzhavin came from an impoverished noble family. He was born on July 3 on July 3 in the family village of Sokura near Kazan.

His father Roman Nikolaevich, who pulled the officer strap in distant garrisons in the Volga and Orenburg cities and fortresses, had 60 peasants, of which 50 were given from his wife, and died when his son was walking. The mother of Fyokh Andreevna Kozlova, although she belonged to the family, leading her beginning from the XIV century, was a semi -literate woman occupied exclusively by the economy.

Gavrila was born very weak, barely moving - to give him livelings, the baby was coated with dough and put in a warm stove. The peasant custom worked: later the boy grew up very strong, and from childhood he was used to achieving everything - through talent and tireless work. Gabriel Derzhavin up to 14 years old, Gabriel did not receive any proper education. He was learned to literacy, elementary knowledge - a German rose exiled to Orenburg, arithmetic - his father's colleagues.

Derzhavin did not know the French, which was coming into fashion among the nobles, but quite tolerably spoke in German. Only in the year, after the opening of the first gymnasium in Kazan, Derzhavin began to engage in a regular basis. In addition to classical objects, in the gymnasium, a lot of attention was paid to music and drawing. In the latter, Derzhavin was especially successful: his types and maps of Kazan and the ruins of the Bulgar, shown by the director M.

Verevkin, the famous nobles I. Shuvalov, made a due impression. At the request of Shuvalov, without waiting for the end of the course, Derzhavin was sent to St. Petersburg. In March, the summer young man arrived in the capital and was appointed to the Life Guards Preobrazhensky regiment. The beginning of the creative activity of Gabriel Derzhavin, a significant coup on June 28, who had rushed to the throne Empress Catherine II, in which the Preobrazhensky regiment took a direct part, did not bring the soldier to Derzhavin any rewards or ranks.

The salary was barely enough for food and simple everyday needs. As Derzhavin himself wrote, he received education "at the Academy of needs and patience." In the soldier’s barracks, imitating M. Lomonosov, M. Kheraskov and A. Sumarokov, he began to write poetry. Mostly these were joke rhymes, guards pobasks, platform stories. By the year, a full chest was gained by the poetic lines of papers, but all of them had to be burned when Derzhavina was detained by a quarantine service upon returning from Moscow during an epidemic of the plague - GG.

Judging by the two preserved notebooks of the early xg. Gabriel Derzhavin's work only after 10 years of service Derzhavin received the rank of second lieutenant. In - gg. When Catherine generously awarded Pugachev's pacifiers, Derzhavin was not again among them, and only after the personal petition of an angry officer did he receive a shower in Belarus. In the year, the military period of Derzhavin’s biography ended - Gabriel Romanovich resigned, but continued to serve in the civilian field.

Here, thanks to honesty and energy, as well as the glory of the poet, who came in the year with the ode of Felitsa, Derzhavin achieved much more than in the army. He rose to the rank of real secret adviser, held the posts of the ruler of the Tambov governorship, the president of the commercial college, the Minister of Justice, and the Prosecutor General of the Senate. At all posts, he showed the independence of judgments and the unwillingness to indulge in the "powerful of this world." The official devoted his free time to literature.

The first publication was published in the year in the journal "Old and Novelty", others followed it, but only by the end of the x. Derzhavin realized that it was necessary not to try to surpass Lomonosov with the splendor of phrases and the minting of formulations, but to go his own way, develop his talent, obey reality, and not mythology. Odes “to the death of the Prince of Meshchersky” and especially “Felitsa” forced everyone to talk about Derzhavin Paet.

However, the directness of the poet, his intention to heal in verses, the vices of the rule began to bother the sovereign.

Odges “God”, “rulers and judges”, “nobles” against the backdrop of the events of the Great French Revolution acquired Jacobin notes. An important place in Derzhavin was occupied by works that glorified the victories of Russian weapons, Rumyantsev and Suvorov miracle gods: “Waterfall”, “To the capture of Ishmael”, “To the transition of the Alpine Mountains”, “Snigir” and others.

Upon the death of Empress Catherine II, Derzhavin turned to anacreontic songs. In them, the poet gave free rein to his vitality. In October, Derzhavin left the service and settled in the Novgorod estate of the jar. Until the last days, he enthusiastically engaged in poetry and retained a keen interest in the world. His first wife was the girl Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon, the daughter of the former valet of Emperor Peter III, Portuguese by origin.Katya was a real southern beauty with the right features of her face, like tar -black hair, charming manners.

The wedding took place on April 18. In the poetic works of her husband, the wife appeared under the name captivity. The couple lived in peace and consent of 16 years, up to the sudden death of Ekaterina Yakovlevna in July. Six months later, Derzhavin married again. His chosen one was the daughter of the chief prosecutor of the Senate Daria Alekseevna Dyakova.

Outwardly, she completely differed from the first wife of the poet - tall, majestic, cold. Restrained and prudent, the woman soon brought the family in full order. In his works, Derzhavin called her Milena. None of Derzhavin had children from any of the wives, but four children of a close friend P. Lazarev were in his care, and three daughters of the architect N. Lvov and M. Dyakova, the sister of the second wife, were brought up in the family.

Gabriel Derzhavin, the last summer, spent the death and funeral of Gabriel Derzhavin in his favorite estate. He led the measured life of the Russian master: had breakfast, walked, lunch, after resting, playing Boston, laid out the Grand Passyansa, listened to the game of his nieces at the harp, and dinner. Among his reading of those days is the “History” of Charles Rollenn in the translation of V.

Trediakovsky, “Bahairiyan” by M. Heraskov, newspapers and magazines. At times, Derzhavin dictated the fifth volume of his “explanations for essays”. A capnist who came from St. Petersburg. After a couple of days of July, the poet felt a slight malaise, but on the morning of July 8, he stated for morning tea, which is much easier for him. The crisis stepped at dinner: Derzhavin became bad, he was taken to the room, they decided to go to Petersburg the next day.

The patient moaned in pain, and after a few hours died. According to the testament of the poet, they buried in the Khutynsky monastery near Novgorod the Great. In the year, the remains of Derzhavin and his second wife were transported from the monastery destroyed by the war to the Novgorod Kremlin, and in the year the poet’s dust was returned to a restored monastery on the flight from the day of birth.

The significance of Gabriel Derzhavin Derzhavin creates a worthy place in the pantheon of Russian poets. He managed to give the sound of his native spaces alien to the form of poetics. Having abandoned the heavy -wing outdated allegories and the myths that were saved, but preserving the structure and rules of classical constructions, he managed to fill the poetry with new content.

His poems are a reflection of the experiences and thoughts of his era, and the best examples of the bibliography of Derzhavin’s works can be classified as undoubted masterpieces. Famous works of Gabriel Derzhavin.