Lotar 1 biography

The maximum power, along with the imperial title, concentrated in the hands of one of the princes, a lotter. His two younger brothers, Pipin and Louis, received, respectively, Aquitaine and Bavaria, the outskirts of the territories, however, are very restless in political terms. The brothers, in addition, obeyed the will of the lotter in military and political terms and could not even marry without his consent.

In the event of the death of Pipin or Louis, a new section was not provided - their lands automatically went to the Lothar. If he was dying prematurely, then his title, land and powers by decision of the aristocracy were transferred to one of the younger brothers. Ordinatio was approved by the oath of all subjects and blessed by the pope. In the same year, the Lotar received the title of August and became the co -ruler of his father.

Ordinatio Imperii came up with a sharp contradiction with the established tradition of the throne of the throne, dating back to barbaric times and demanding the endowment of princes equal shares of the inheritance. This gave rise to a series of internecine wars in the years. In the course of them, it became clear that the new principle did not enjoy support among the most part of the Frankish aristocracy.

Several times the Lotar rebelled against his father. In the year, Lotar supported the uprising of the younger brother of Pipin I against his father. The Compiegen Congress proclaimed the Lothar by the ruler of the empire. But very little time passed, and he lost power because of the intrigues of the brothers. In the year, the sons rebelled again, and in June, the Lotar laid down his father for the second time.

Unfortunately for themselves, the brothers could not agree in any way, so in March, the supporters of Louis pious returned the power to him. The Lotar tried to resist, was defeated in June in the battle of Blois and was supposed to beg for forgiveness on his knees. In the last years of his father’s life, Lotar was content with the authorities over Italy, dreaming of the separation of the Italian Empire, and interfering in the internal control of the Papal region.

The Louis of the German Louis in June in June, immediately after the death of Louis, the Lotar sent the messengers to all the regions of the Honde Empire that he entered into the possession of his father's inheritance and demands an oath to himself. But by this time, the troubles and sections have already weakened central power so that it was possible to establish itself in the state only by the power of weapons.

The brother of the Lothar, the German Louis, was the first to begin military operations. Without meeting resistance, he walked along Alemania to the Rhine, took Worms, joined Franconia and Saxony. Hearing about this, the Lotar led his army from Italy to the Rhine. He promised to affirm all the vassals who recognize his power, in their possession of Lenam, and threatened all the rebellious with death and confiscation.

In Australia, he met the hottest support. To the other brother, King of Aquitaine, Karl Lysoma, the Lothar sent the embassy with friendly assurances, and he turned against Louis, repulsed the Worms and crossed the Rhine. Two armies converged between Frankfurt, on-Maine, but there was no battle: the brothers concluded a truce until November 11. Battle near Fontaine Denaria Lotar I - GG.

The case again did not reach the battle, but a new agreement was concluded on the division of possessions. Karl was forced to give in most of his possessions to his eldest brother - only Southern France to Loire and some areas between Rona and Seine remained behind him. In the spring of the year, Lothar turned against Louis. The Francons and the Saxons went over to his side, and he pushed his brother back to Bavaria.

However, Karl was also not inactive either-having defeated the Lother vassals in the West, he took possession of all the lands to the Seine, occupied Saint-Denis and Trois. In Attini, ambassadors from Louis arrived at him and offered an alliance against the Lottery. Karl willingly accepted this proposal, as only having connected with his brother, he could hope for the successful end of the war.

Louis moved towards Karl. The Alemans at Risgau tried to stop him, but were defeated. Louis crossed the Rhine and not far from Shalon connected with Karl. The brothers sent the embassy to the Lothar, offering the world to solve all controversial issues. Louis demanded all the lands east of the Rhine, and Karl - Aquitaine and Neustria. The Lotar rejected these proposals.

Lottery's associates were the first to attack their enemies. The emperor himself on a horse violently cut into the ranks of the enemy and struck many enemies with his hand. However, the general outcome of the battle was not in his favor. Louis, with part of his army, fought so bravely under Bretinella that the Lother could not resist more and turned to flight. Another part of the Lottery troops, on which Karl made an attack in the town of Fei, also soon showed the rear.

Finally, the third detachment of the emperor was defeated under the Gulen. The allied sovereigns won a complete victory. In this battle, according to the annals, there were so many francs on both sides that contemporaries did not remember another such extermination. According to them, after that the Franks no longer had the strength that to expand the limits of the empire, but even to protect their own lands.

There was so much blood that the stream and the swamp became red, and the fields turned around all around from the clothes of the dead.The winners were weakened and did not pursue the running, pleased with the prey taken in their camp. The next day, on Sunday, the winners, having served the thanksgiving, buried the dead and selected the wounded, not making the difference between comrades and enemies.

After that, Karl and Louis parted each to their kingdom. The ceasefire of the year of the Frankish Empire under the Verdensky agreement G., meanwhile, the Lotar gathered a new army in Aachen. To attract the Saxons to their side, he promised them to restore the rights that they enjoyed during paganism. Excited by his promises, the Saxons rose against their nobles-feudals, most of which were by origin of the francs, settled in Saxony by Charles the Great.

The Lotar also entered into an alliance with pagans-Normans, gave them to the settlement the island of Valcheern and the county of Rurstingen, and also allowed other Christian peoples in exchange for help to rob other Christian peoples. In the spring of the year, the war resumed. Unable to withstand the brothers' united army, the Lotar retreated from Aechen through Shalon and Trois to Lyon.

Here adherents began to leave him. Trying to keep them, he distributed all his treasures, including cut into pieces, the famous silver table of Karl the Great, an amazing work of art, but everything was in vain. His vassals and bishops gathered in Aachen and expressed their humility to Karl and Louis. Seeing himself cramped from all sides, the Lotar finally agreed to negotiations.

All three brothers gathered on the small island of Sona Ansille and agreed to forgive each other with all the displeasure, reconcile and divide equally by all areas of the state that remained with Italy, Bavaria and Aquitaine. The Verdensky Treaty on August 11 in Verden, the brothers entered into an agreement on the division of the empire. The Lotar took, in addition to Italy, Provence, Burgundy lands between Rona and Alps, lands along the right bank of Rona to Juza, Vivier and Lyon, the Duchy of Burgundy on both sides of Yura to the halves on the one hand and Sona - on the other, the Moselle land from the Saxon border to the mouth of the Shelda, and the land of the Frisors.

His state turned out to be completely artificial and therefore could not be durable. After the Verdensky section, the Lotar gathered several times with the brothers for negotiations in the year near Tionville, in the years in Mersen, in the year - in Koblents, in the year - in Peronno, in the year in Liege, but the congresses did not interfere with clashes between the brothers.

Lotar spent the last years of his life in the fight against the Normans. After Verden, the Lother settled in Australia, where the capital of the Aechen empire was located and many palaces were built. He sent the son of Louis II to Italy, whom he proclaimed to the king Italian. The eldest son of Louis got Italy with the imperial title in addition; The Middle Lothar is the best Frankish possessions from Frisian to Jura with a center in Aachen, and also Lorraine; Karl, the epileptic child, who, in the future, was believed to make offspring, received a Provence, which was actually ruled by Gerard, Count Lyon and Viennsky.

After that, he lay down his power and tonsured monks in the Prauman Abbey. Six days after the tonsure, on September 29, he died. The double and insidious, the Lotar connected the piety with debauchery. The “Roman Code” of the Lotar is known, which collects the most important decisions of Roman state law of that time, define the rules of the court in Rome and the attitude of the pope to the emperor.

Marriage and children.